Isingeniso
Esahlukweni esidlule kuboniswe ukuthi izimo eziqondile zezibalo zamandla asetshenziswa uketshezi oluphumuzayo zingatholakala kalula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ku-hydrostatic kuphela amandla okucindezela alula ahilelekile. Uma kucatshangelwa uketshezi oluhambayo, inkinga yokuhlaziya iba nzima kakhulu. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ubukhulu bejubane lezinhlayiya kanye nesiqondiso kufanele kucatshangelwe, kodwa futhi kukhona nethonya eliyinkimbinkimbi le-viscosity elibangela ukucindezeleka okushefayo noma kokungqubuzana phakathi kwezinhlayiya zoketshezi ezihambayo kanye nasemingceleni equkethe. Ukunyakaza okuhlobene okungenzeka phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene zomzimba woketshezi kubangela ukuthi ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka kokushefa kuhluke kakhulu kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ngokwezimo zokugeleza. Ngenxa yobunzima obuhambisana nomcimbi wokugeleza, ukuhlaziywa okunembile kwezibalo kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezimbalwa, futhi ngokombono wobunjiniyela, ezinye ezingasebenzi. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuxazulula izinkinga zokugeleza kungaba ngokuhlola, noma ngokwenza ukucabanga okulula okwanele ukuthola ikhambi lethiyori. Lezi zindlela ezimbili azihlukile, njengoba imithetho eyisisekelo yemishini ihlala isebenza futhi ivumela izindlela eziyingxenye zethiyori ukuthi zamukelwe ezimweni eziningana ezibalulekile. Futhi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ngokuhlola izinga lokuphambuka ezimweni zangempela ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okulula.
Umbono ovame kakhulu wokwenza kube lula ukuthi uketshezi lufanele noma luphelele, ngaleyo ndlela kususwe imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi ye-viscous. Lesi yisisekelo se-hydrodynamics yakudala, igatsha lezibalo ezisetshenzisiwe elithole ukunakwa yizazi ezidumile njengoStokes, uRayleigh, uRankine, uKelvin kanye noLamb. Kunemikhawulo emikhulu engokwemvelo kumbono we-classical, kodwa njengoba amanzi enobuthi obuphansi, aziphatha njengoketshezi lwangempela ezimweni eziningi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-hydrodynamics yakudala ingabhekwa njengesizinda esibaluleke kakhulu sokutadisha izici zokunyakaza koketshezi. Isahluko samanje siphathelene nokuguquguquka okuyisisekelo kokunyakaza koketshezi futhi sisebenza njengesingeniso esiyisisekelo sezahluko ezilandelayo ezibhekene nezinkinga ezithile ezitholakala kuma-hydraulics obunjiniyela bomphakathi. Kutholakala izilinganiso ezintathu ezibalulekile eziyisisekelo zokunyakaza koketshezi okungukuthi, ukuqhubeka, i-Bernoulli, kanye nezilinganiso ze-momentum kanye nokubaluleka kwazo. Kamuva, kucatshangelwa imikhawulo yembono we-classical kanye nokuziphatha koketshezi lwangempela kuchazwa. Uketshezi olungacindezeleki lucatshangelwa kulo lonke.
Izinhlobo zokugeleza
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokunyakaza koketshezi zingahlukaniswa kanje:
1. Iyaxakaxaka futhi ilula
2. Ukujikeleza kanye nokungaguquguquki
3. Ukuqina nokungazinzile
4. Okufanayo nokungafani.
Iphampu Yokungcola Engaphansi Komhlaba
Amaphampu okugeleza kwe-axial ochungechunge lwe-MVS Amaphampu okugeleza kwe-AVS ochungechunge oluxubile (ukugeleza kwe-Axial okuqondile kanye nephampu yendle engaphansi kwamanzi exubile) ayimikhiqizo yesimanje eklanywe ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bangaphandle. Amandla amaphampu amasha makhulu ngo-20% kunalawo amadala. Ukusebenza kahle kuphakeme ngo-3-5% kunalawo amadala.
Ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo nokunezithiyo.
La magama achaza uhlobo olungokoqobo lokugeleza.
Ekugelezeni okuguquguqukayo, ukuqhubeka kwezinhlayiya zoketshezi akuvamile futhi kukhona ukushintshana kwesimo okubonakala kungahlelekile. Izinhlayiya ngazinye zingashintshashintsha ijubane le-trans. verse ukuze ukunyakaza kube okuguquguqukayo futhi kube yisicaba kunokuba kube okuqondile. Uma idayi ifakwa endaweni ethile, izosabalala ngokushesha kuyo yonke imfudlana yokugeleza. Endabeni yokugeleza okuguquguqukayo epayipini, isibonelo, ukuqoshwa okusheshayo kwejubane engxenyeni ethile kuzoveza ukusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1(a). Ijubane elizinzile, njengoba lingaqoshwa yizinsimbi zokulinganisa ezivamile, liboniswe kuhlu oluneziqeshana, futhi kusobala ukuthi ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo kubonakala ngejubane eliguquguqukayo elingazinzile elibekwe phezu kwesilinganiso esizinzile sesikhathi.
Umfanekiso 1(a) Ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo
Umfanekiso 1(b) Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar
Ekugelezeni kwe-laminar zonke izinhlayiya zoketshezi zihamba ngezindlela ezifanayo futhi akukho ngxenye yejubane ejikelezayo. Ukuqhubekela phambili okuhlelekile kuwukuthi inhlayiya ngayinye ilandela ngqo indlela yenhlayiya eyandulelayo ngaphandle kokuphambuka. Ngakho-ke intambo encane yedayi izohlala injalo ngaphandle kokusabalalisa. Kukhona i-gradient yejubane elijikelezayo enkulu kakhulu ekugelezeni kwe-laminar (Umfanekiso 1b) kunasekugelezeni okuguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ngepayipi, isilinganiso sejubane eliphakathi V kanye nejubane elikhulu kakhulu V max ngu-0,5 ngokugeleza okuguquguqukayo kanye no-0,05 ngokugeleza kwe-laminar.
Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar kuhlotshaniswa nesivinini esiphansi kanye noketshezi oluthambile oluqinile. Kuma-hydraulic epayipi kanye ne-open-channel, isivinini cishe njalo siphezulu ngokwanele ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo, yize ungqimba oluncane lwe-laminar luhlala luseduze nomngcele oqinile. Imithetho yokugeleza kwe-laminar iyaqondakala ngokugcwele, futhi ezimweni ezilula zomngcele ukusatshalaliswa kwejubane kungahlaziywa ngokwezibalo. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokushaya okungajwayelekile, ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo kuye kwaphikisana nokuphathwa kwezibalo okuqinile, futhi ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezisebenzayo, kubalulekile ukuthembela kakhulu ebudlelwaneni obubonakalayo noma obuncane.
Iphampu Yomlilo Eqondile Ye-Turbine
Inombolo Yemodeli: XBC-VTP
Amaphampu okulwa nomlilo aqondile e-XBC-VTP Series ayizinhla zamaphampu okusabalalisa umlilo esiteji esisodwa, anezitezi eziningi, akhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ne-National Standard GB6245-2006 yakamuva. Siphinde sathuthukisa umklamo ngokubhekisela kwendinganiso ye-United States Fire Protection Association. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni ngamanzi omlilo kumakhemikhali kaphethiloli, igesi yemvelo, isitshalo sikagesi, indwangu kakotini, ichweba, izindiza, izindawo zokugcina impahla, izakhiwo eziphakeme kanye nezinye izimboni. Ingasebenza nasemikhumbini, ethangini lolwandle, emikhumbini yomlilo nakwezinye izenzakalo zokuhlinzeka.
Ukugeleza kokujikeleza nokungajikelezi.
Kuthiwa ukugeleza kuzungeza uma inhlayiya ngayinye yoketshezi inejubane eliyi-angular elizungeze isikhungo sayo sobukhulu.
Isithombe 2a sibonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwejubane okuvamile okuhlotshaniswa nokugeleza okuguquguqukayo kudlule umngcele oqondile. Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwejubane okungafani, inhlayiya enezingqimba zayo ezimbili ekuqaleni ihlushwa ukuguquguquka ngezinga elincane lokujikeleza. Kumfanekiso 2a, ukugeleza kuyindilinga
Indlela iboniswa, ijubane lilingana ngqo nerediyasi. Ama-axis amabili enhlayiya ajikeleza ohlangothini olufanayo ukuze ukugeleza kuphinde kujikeleze.
Umfanekiso 2(a) Ukugeleza kokujikeleza
Ukuze ukugeleza kube okungajikelezi, ukusatshalaliswa kwejubane eduze komngcele oqondile kumele kufane (Umfanekiso 2b). Uma kwenzeka ukugeleza endleleni eyindilinga, kungabonakala ukuthi ukugeleza okungajikelezi kuzosebenza kuphela uma ijubane lilingana ngokuphambene nerediyasi. Uma ubheka kuqala kuMfanekiso 3, lokhu kubonakala kuyiphutha, kodwa ukuhlolwa okuseduze kwembula ukuthi ama-axe amabili ajikeleza ngezindlela eziphambene ukuze kube nomphumela wokubuyisela okhiqiza ukuqondiswa okumaphakathi kwama-axes okungashintshi kusuka esimweni sokuqala.
Umfanekiso 2(b) Ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo
Ngenxa yokuthi zonke izinto eziwuketshezi zinobuthi obuncane, ukwehla koketshezi lwangempela akukaze kube ukuphambuka kwangempela, futhi ukugeleza kwe-laminar kumane kuphenduka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ukugeleza kwe-irrotation kuyisimo esicatshangelwayo esingaba nesithakazelo kwezemfundo - kuphela ukube bekungengenxa yokuthi ezimweni eziningi zokugeleza okuguquguqukayo izici zokujikeleza azibalulekile kangangokuthi zingase zinganakwa. Lokhu kulula ngoba kungenzeka ukuhlaziya ukugeleza kwe-irrotation ngokusebenzisa imiqondo yezibalo ye-hydrodynamics yakudala okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili.
Iphampu Yokuya Emanzini Olwandle Oluphakathi
Inombolo Yemodeli: I-ASN ASNV
Amaphampu e-ASN kanye ne-ASNV ayizimpompi ze-centrifugal ezisetshenziswa njenge-single-stage double suction split volute casing kanye nokuthuthwa okusetshenzisiwe noma okuwuketshezi kwemisebenzi yamanzi, ukujikeleza komoya opholile, isakhiwo, ukuchelela, isiteshi sokumpompa amanzi, isiteshi sikagesi, uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi ezimbonini, uhlelo lokulwa nomlilo, imikhumbi, isakhiwo nokunye.
Ukugeleza okuzinzile nokungazinzile.
Kuthiwa ukugeleza kuzinzile lapho izimo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi zihambisana nesikhathi. Ukuchazwa okuqinile kwale ncazelo kungaholela esiphethweni sokuthi ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo akukaze kube okuzinzile ngempela. Kodwa-ke, ngenhloso yamanje kulula ukubheka ukunyakaza okujwayelekile koketshezi njengesici kanye nokuguquguquka okungaguquki okuhlobene nokuxokozela njengethonya lesibili kuphela. Isibonelo esisobala sokugeleza okuzinzile ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo emgodini noma emseleni ovulekile.
Njengomphumela, kulandela ukuthi ukugeleza akuzinzile lapho izimo zihluka maqondana nesikhathi. Isibonelo sokugeleza okungazinzile ukugeleza okuhlukahlukene emgodini noma emseleni ovulekile; lokhu ngokuvamile kuyinto yesikhashana elandelanayo, noma elandelwa, ukugeleza okuzinzile. Okunye okujwayelekile
Izibonelo zesimo esiphindaphindwayo ukunyakaza kwamagagasi kanye nokunyakaza okujikelezayo kwemizimba emikhulu yamanzi ekugelezeni kolwandle.
Iningi lezinkinga ezisebenzayo kubunjiniyela be-hydraulic liphathelene nokugeleza okuzinzile. Lokhu kuyinhlanhla, njengoba ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi ekugelezeni okungazinzile kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlaziywa. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sahluko, ukucatshangelwa kokugeleza okungazinzile kuzokhawulelwa ezimweni ezimbalwa ezilula. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimo eziningana ezivamile zokugeleza okungazinzile zingancishiswa zibe sesimweni esizinzile ngenxa yesimiso sokunyakaza okuhlobene.
Ngakho-ke, inkinga ehilela umkhumbi ohamba emanzini athule ingashintshwa ukuze umkhumbi ungami futhi amanzi ahambe; okuwukuphela kwendlela yokufana kokuziphatha koketshezi ukuthi ijubane elihlobene lizoba lifana. Futhi, ukunyakaza kwamagagasi emanzini ajulile kungancishiswa kube
isimo esizinzile ngokucabanga ukuthi umbukeli uhamba namagagasi ngesivinini esifanayo.
Injini yedizili I-Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water I-Drainage Pump Lolu hlobo lwe-vertical drainage pump lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekupompeni ngaphandle kokugqwala, izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-60 °C, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe (ngaphandle kwe-fiber, ama-grits) ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/L kokuqukethwe kwendle noma amanzi angcolile. I-VTP vertical drainage pump itholakala kuma-VTP type vertical water pumps, futhi ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni kanye nekhola, i-tube lubrication isetshenziswa ngamanzi. Ingabhema izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-60 °C, ithumele ukuqukatha okusanhlamvu okuqinile okuthile (njenge-scrap iron kanye nesihlabathi esihle, amalahle, njll.) kwendle noma amanzi angcolile.
Ukugeleza okufanayo nokungalingani.
Kuthiwa ukugeleza kuyafana uma kungekho ukushintshashintsha ngobukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sevektha yejubane ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye endleleni yokugeleza. Ukuze kuhambisane nale ncazelo, kokubili indawo yokugeleza kanye nejubane kumele kufane kuzo zonke izingxenye eziwelanayo. Ukugeleza okungafani kwenzeka lapho ivektha yejubane ihlukahluka ngendawo, isibonelo esivamile ukugeleza phakathi kwemingcele ehlanganayo noma ehlukanayo.
Zombili lezi zimo zokugeleza ezihlukile zivame kakhulu kuma-hydraulic avulekile, nakuba empeleni, njengoba ukugeleza okufanayo kuhlala kubhekwa njengokungazwakali, kuyisimo esifanele esilinganiswa kuphela futhi esingakaze sifinyelelwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimo zihlobene nesikhala hhayi isikhathi ngakho-ke ezimweni zokugeleza okuvalekile (isib. amapayipi angaphansi kwengcindezi), azincikile kakhulu esimweni sokugeleza okuzinzile noma okungazinzile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-29-2024