Ingabe Uyawaqonda Ngempela Amaphampu E-Centrifugal? Imibuzo Engu-8 Yobunjiniyela Ethinta Ukuthembeka Kwephampu

Ø Q1: Kungani ipayipi lokumunca livame ukuba likhulu ngobukhulu obulodwa kune-nozzle yokumunca ipompo?

Lona umkhuba ovame kakhulu ekufakweni kwephampu ye-centrifugal.

Ezinhlelweni eziningi,ububanzi obujwayelekile bepayipi lokumunca bukhethwa ngosayizi owodwa omkhulu kunombhobho wokumunca wepompoI-reducer engavamile efanelekile ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuxhuma ipayipi nephampu.

Kungani?

Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko:

Kungani i-eccentric reducer isetshenziswa kakhulu?

Ukuze uthole amapayipi okumunca avundlile,isinciphisi esithambile phezulu esingavamileivame ukusetshenziswa ukunciphisa amathuba okwakheka kwamapokhethi omoya entanjeni yokumunca.

Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuwona umthetho ophelele kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukuqondiswa kwe-reducer kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe ekuhlelweni kwephampu, ukuthambekela kwamapayipi, izici zoketshezi, kanye nokwenzeka kokuqongelela komoya.

Isimiso sobunjiniyela

Umgomo akukhona nje ukwenza ipayipi lokufunxa libe “likhulu ngobukhulu obulodwa.”

Umklamo kufanele ucabangele:

• · Ijubane lokumunca
• · Ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi yendawo kanye nokungqubuzana
• · I-NPSha
• · Iphethini yokugeleza kokungena kwephampu
• · Ubude bepayipi eliqondile
• · Indawo yezindololwane namavalvu
• · Amathuba okufaka umoya

Ø Umbuzo 2: Kungani ivalvu yokulawula ivame ukuba ncane kunepayipi eliyinhloko?

Ngokungafani namapayipi okumunca, ama-valve okulawula awakhethwa njalo ngobubanzi obufanayo nobepayipi eliyinhloko.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Kunezizathu eziningana zalo mkhuba.

1. Izindleko eziphansi

Ivalvu encane ngokuvamile ibiza kancane kunevalvu enobubanzi obufanayo nobepayipi eliyinhloko.

2. Ububanzi bokulawula obungcono

I-valve yokulawula ilawula ukugeleza ngokushintsha ukuvuleka kwayo.

Uma ivalvu inkulu kakhulu, ingasebenza endaweni encane kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kunganciphisa ububanzi bayo bokulawula obusebenzayo futhi kwenze kube nzima ukulawula ukugeleza okunembile.

Ivalvu encane enobukhulu obufanele ingasebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokuvula elifanele kakhulu.

3. Ukushintshana kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwengcindezi

Ivalvu encane yandisa ijubane lokugeleza futhi ngaleyo ndlela yandisa ukwehla kwengcindezi.

Ngakho-ke isimiso asisho ukuthi:

I-valve kufanele ikhethwe kahle ngokusekelwe ku:

• · Izinga lokugeleza
• · Ingcindezi ehlukile
• · I-Cv/Kv
• · Ububanzi bokulawula obudingekayo
• · Ukwehla kwengcindezi okuvunyelwe

Ø Q3: Ingabe i-centrifugal pump suction inlet idinga njalo ingcindezi enhle?

Cha.

Umbono ovamile oyiphutha ukuthi ingcindezi yokumunca yepompo ye-centrifugal kumele ibe ngaphezu kwengcindezi yomoya njalo.

Eqinisweni, amaphampu amaningi angasebenza ngezinga loketshezi ngaphansi komugqa ophakathi wephampu, okuvumela iphampu ukuthi iphakamise uketshezi oluvela ngaphansi.

Kodwa-ke, inkinga ebalulekile akukhona nje ukuthi iphampu ingakwazi yini “ukuphakamisa” uketshezi.

Uhlelo lwangempela kumele luhlangabezane nesimo se-NPSH esidingekayo:

Njengoba ukufuthwa komoya kukhuphuka, ingcindezi ekungeneni kwephampu iyancipha futhi ukulahlekelwa komugqa wokufuthwa kuba okubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, uma ukuphakama kokumunca kuphakeme, kulapho uhlelo kufanele luhlolwe ngokucophelela khona ukuthi alunawo yini ubungozi bokucasuka.

Ø Umbuzo 4: Ingabe i-valve yokuhlola iyadingeka ohlangothini lokukhipha iphampu?

Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokupompa,i-valve yokuhlola ukukhishwa iyingxenye ebalulekile yomklamo wesistimu.

Ihlinzeka kakhulu ngezinzuzo ezintathu.

1. Kuvimbela ukugeleza okuphambene

Uma ipompo ima, umehluko wokucindezela ohlelweni ungabangela ukuthi uketshezi lugeleze lubuyele epompo.

I-valve yokuhlola ivimbela lokhu kugeleza okuphambene.

2. Ivimbela ukujikeleza okuphambene

Ukugeleza okuphambene kungabangela ukuthi i-impeller yepompo ijikeleze emuva.

Kuye ngokuthi iphampu ihlelwe kanjani kanye nomshayeli, lokhu kungabangela izinkinga nge:

• · Izimpawu zemishini
• · Amabheringi
• · Izihlanganisi
• · Imishini yokushayela noma eminye imishini yokushayela

3. Kusiza ekugcineni ipayipi ligcwele

Kwezinye izinhlelo, ukugcina uketshezi emgqeni wokukhipha kubalulekile ekuqaliseni kabusha okuthembekile kanye nokusebenza kohlelo.

Noma kunjalo, uhlobo lwevalvu, indawo yokufaka, kanye nezici zokuvala kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngohlelo lwangempela.

Kwezinhlelo ezizwela kakhulu ku-water hammer, izinyathelo ezengeziwe ezifanaamavalvu okuhlola angasheshi, amavalvu okuhlola avala kancane, amavalvu omoya, noma amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphukakungadingeka.

Ø U-Q5: Yiluphi uhlelo olufanele kakhulu lokufaka amapayipi ohlelweni lwephampu ye-centrifugal?

Ukungazinzi kwephampu ngezinye izikhathi akubangelwa yiphampu ngokwayo, kodwa ukuhlelwa kabi kwamaphayiphi.

Inkinga eyodwa evamile yile:

Kungcono kakhulu

Kwezinye izinhlelo zokupompa, ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi kufanele likhuphuke njalo liye ethangini lokwamukela noma endaweni lapho uhlelo lukhona.

Lokhu kuvumela umoya ongena ohlelweni ukuthi uye endaweni ephakeme bese ekugcineni uphuma.

Ilungiselelo elihle elilula yileli:

Kwenzekani kumaphrojekthi angempela?

Ekufakweni kwangempela, amapayipi avame ukufaka izingxenye ezinde ezivundlile.

Ingxenye ende evundlile akuyona inkinga ngempela.

Isihluthulelo ukugwema okungadingekile:

• · Amaphuzu aphezulu
• · Amaphuzu aphansi
• · Imithambeka ebuyela emuva
• · Izindawo lapho umoya ungaqongelela khona

Uma iphuzu eliphakeme lingenakugwenywa, kufaneleivalvu yokukhulula umoya / ivalvu yomoyakungadingeka.

Kuthiwani uma i-valve yokulawula ifakiwe eduze kokuphela kwepayipi?

Indawo yevalvu yokulawula kufanele icatshangelwe kanye nezinga lethangi, ingcindezi engezansi komfula, ukwehla kwengcindezi yevalvu, kanye nengozi yokungena kwe-cavitation.

Uhlelo kufanele lugcine ingcindezi eyanele ku-valve futhi lugweme izimo zokusebenza ezingaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-cavitation.

Isimiso esiyisisekelo sithi:

Ø Q6: Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwephampu ensimini?

Enye yezindlela ezithembeke kakhulu ukuqhathanisaizilinganiso zangempela zensimu ngejika lokusebenza kwephampu yomenzi.

Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• · Izinga lokugeleza
• · Ingcindezi yokumunca
• · Ukucindezela kokukhipha umoya
• · Isivinini sephampu
• · Umehluko wokuphakama phakathi kwamaphuzu okulinganisa ingcindezi kanye nomugqa ophakathi wephampu

Kufanele kufakwe kuphi ama-pressure gauge?

Amageyiji okucindezela kufanele afakwe eduze kakhulu ne-pump suction kanye ne-discharge nozzles.

Umehluko wokuphakama phakathi kwamaphuzu okulinganisa ingcindezi kanye nomugqa ophakathi wephampu kufanele futhi urekhodwe.

Ikhanda lephampu aliyona nje:

Ukubala kufanele futhi kucabangele umehluko wokuphakama kanye, lapho kufanele khona, imiphumela yejubane.

Isilinganiso sokugeleza singalinganiswa kanjani?

Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa ukugeleza efanele efana nalokhu:

• · Imitha yokugeleza kukaMagnetic
• · Imitha yokugeleza kwe-Ultrasonic
• · Imitha yokugeleza kwe-turbine
• · Eminye imishini yokulinganisa ukugeleza efanele

Uma i-flow meter ingatholakali, ukugeleza ngezinye izikhathi kungalinganiswa ngokulinganisa isikhathi esidingekayo ukugcwalisa ithangi elinomthamo owaziwayo.

Singahlola kuphela ikhanda elivaliwe?

Yebo, ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza okuyisisekelo.

Iikhanda elivaliwekwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kungenalutho, ngakho-ke akukho silinganiso sokugeleza esidingekayo.

Ukuqhathanisa ikhanda elilinganiselwe lokuvala nejika lomenzi kungasiza ekuboneni ukuthi:

• · Iphampu isebenza ngesivinini esifanele
• · Kufakwe ububanzi obufanele be-impeller
• · Ukusebenza kwephampu ngokuvamile kuhambisana nejika elilindelekile

Nokho:

Ukusebenza kokungagelezi kahle kungabangela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukujikeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi, umonakalo wokuvala ngomshini, nezinye izinkinga.

Kuthiwani ngokusebenza kahle kwephampu?

Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba amandla okufaka ku-shaft yepompo kumele anqunywe ngokunembile.

Ekuhlolweni kwensimu, lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukulinganisa amandla okufaka injini kanye nokubala ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokudlulisa, noma ukulinganisa ngqo i-torque yomgodi kanye nesivinini.

Ø Umbuzo 7: I-liquid viscosity ithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwephampu ye-centrifugal?

Amajika amaningi okusebenza kwephampu ye-centrifugal asekelwe ekuhlolweni ngeamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

Uma uketshezi olupompiwe lunobuthi obukhulu kakhulu kunamanzi, ukusebenza kwephampu kungashintsha kakhulu.

Imiphumela evamile ihlanganisa:

• · Ukugeleza okuphansi
• · Ikhanda elingezansi
• · Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi
• · Isidingo samandla aphezulu

Ngakho-ke:

Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi uketshezi luqine kangakanani, luqinile kangakanani, izinga lokushisa, kanye nendawo yokusebenza.

Kuketshezi oluqinile kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwephampu ye-centrifugal kungancipha kakhulu.

Kuye ngesicelo,amaphampu okuhle okufuduka, njengamaphampu ezikulufo, amaphampu egiya, noma amaphampu ajikelezayo, anganikeza ikhambi elingcono.

Akukho value eyodwa ye-viscosity engasetshenziswa njengomkhawulo wendawo yonke wephampu ngayinye ye-centrifugal. Ukufaneleka kwephampu kufanele kuhlolwe ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kanye nomklamo wephampu.

Umbuzo 8: Ingabe iphampu ingasebenza noma kuphi ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokugeleza obuboniswe ku-curve yayo yokusebenza?

Akunjalo ngempela.

Iqiniso lokuthi iphuzu livela ekhoneni lephampu alisho ukuthi liyindawo efanelekile yokusebenza okuqhubekayo.

Iphampu ye-centrifugal kufanele isebenze ngokuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka nalokhu okulandelayo:

Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zihlose ibanga lokusebenza elijwayelekile elizungeze80%–120% yokugeleza kwe-BEP, kodwa ububanzi bokusebenza obuvumelekile kufanele busekelwe njalo emvilophini yokusebenza enconyiwe yomkhiqizi.

Kungani kufanele kugwenywe ukusebenza okungapheli kokugeleza kwamanzi?

Uma ukugeleza kungaphansi kakhulu kwe-BEP, iphampu ingase ibhekane nalokhu:

• · Ukujikeleza kwegazi kwangaphakathi
• · Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa
• · Imithwalo yemisebe eyandisiwe
• · Ukudlidliza okuphezulu
• · Ukugqokwa kwesivalo semishini
• · Imithwalo yokuthwala eyengeziwe

Uma ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kokugeleza okuphansi kungenakugwenywa, izixazululo ezingaba khona zifaka:

Inketho 1: Umugqa wokudlula kancane/wokujikeleza kabusha

Ingxenye yoketshezi ibuyiselwa njalo emthonjeni wokumunca noma kwenye indawo efanelekile.

Inketho 2: Idrayivu yesivinini esiguquguqukayo

I-VFD ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa isivinini sephampu futhi ifanise kangcono umphumela wephampu nesidingo sangempela sesistimu.

Kuthiwani ngokugeleza ngokweqile?

Ukusebenza kude kakhulu ngakwesokudla kwejika lephampu nakho kungadala izinkinga, okuhlanganisa:

• · I-NPSHr Ephakeme
• · Umkhawulo we-NPSH oncishisiwe
• · Ukuhlanza
• · Ukudlidliza okwandisiwe
• · Ukulayisha ngokweqile kwemoto
• · Ukusebenza kahle okunciphile

Ngakho-ke:

Indawo yokusebenza ekhethwayo ivame ukuba seduze nendawo yomsebenzi wokuklama kanye ne-BEP, kuyilapho ihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lokusebenza elivunyelwe ngumenzi.