Intshayelelo
Kwisahluko esidlulileyo kuboniswe ukuba iimeko ezichanekileyo zezibalo zamandla asetyenziswa lulwelo oluphumlayo zinokufumaneka ngokulula. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwi-hydrostatic kuphela amandla oxinzelelo olulula abandakanyekayo. Xa kuqwalaselwa ulwelo oluhambayo, ingxaki yohlalutyo ngaxeshanye iba nzima kakhulu. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubukhulu kunye nesikhokelo seenxalenye zesuntswana kuphela, kodwa kukwakho nempembelelo enzima ye-viscosity ebangela ukucheba okanye uxinzelelo lokungqubana phakathi kwamasuntswana olwelo oluhambayo nakwimida equlathe. Intshukumo enokwenzeka phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wolwelo ibangela ukuba uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-shear luhluke kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ngokweemeko zokuhamba. Ngenxa yobunzima obunxulunyaniswa nesiganeko sokuhamba, uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwezibalo lunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezimbalwa, kwaye ngokwembono yobunjineli, ezinye ezingasebenziyo, iimeko. Ke ngoko kuyimfuneko ukusombulula iingxaki zokuhamba nokuba ngokulinga, okanye ngokwenza iingcamango ezithile ezilula ezaneleyo ukufumana isisombululo sethiyori. Ezi ndlela zimbini azihambelani, kuba imithetho esisiseko ye-mechanics ihlala isebenza kwaye ivumela iindlela zethiyori eziyinxalenye ukuba zamkelwe kwiimeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ngovavanyo ubungakanani bokuphambuka kwiimeko zokwenyani emva kohlalutyo olulula.
Eyona ngcamango iqhelekileyo yokwenza kube lula kukuba ulwelo lufanelekile okanye lugqibelele, ngaloo ndlela lususa iziphumo ezintsonkothileyo ze-viscous. Le sisiseko se-hydrodynamics yakudala, isebe lezibalo ezisetyenzisiweyo elifumene ingqalelo kwiingcali ezidumileyo ezifana noStokes, uRayleigh, uRankine, uKelvin kunye noLamb. Kukho imida enzima kwithiyori yakudala, kodwa njengoko amanzi ene-viscosity ephantsi, asebenza njengolwelo lokwenyani kwiimeko ezininzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-hydrodynamics yakudala inokuthathwa njengemvelaphi ebaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni iimpawu zokunyakaza kolwelo. Esi sahluko sijongene ne-dynamics esisiseko yokunyakaza kolwelo kwaye sisebenza njengentshayelelo esisiseko kwizahluko ezilandelayo ezijongene neengxaki ezithile ezifunyanwa kwi-hydraulics yobunjineli bokwakha. Ii-equations ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezisisiseko zokunyakaza kolwelo ezizezi, ukuqhubeka, iBernoulli, kunye ne-momentum equations ziyafunyanwa kwaye ukubaluleka kwazo kuchazwe. Kamva, imida yethiyori yakudala iyaqwalaselwa kwaye ukuziphatha kolwelo lokwenyani kuchazwe. Ulwelo olungenakucinezeleka luthathwa kuyo yonke indawo.
Iintlobo zokuhamba kwamanzi
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba kolwelo zingahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1.Iyaxokozela kwaye ilula
2. Ukujikeleza kunye nokungalawuleki
3. Uzinzile kwaye awuzinzanga
4. Ifana kwaye ayifani.
Impompo yamanzi amdaka engaphantsi komhlaba
Iimpompo ze-AVS series axial-flow Iimpompo ze-AVS series mixed-flow (i-Vertical Axial flow kunye ne-Mixed flow submersible sewage pump) ziyimveliso zanamhlanje eziyilwe ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe banamhlanje bamanye amazwe. Umthamo weempompo ezintsha zikhulu ngama-20% kunezo zindala. Ukusebenza kakuhle kuphezulu nge-3-5% kunezo zindala.
Ukuhamba kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo nokune-laminar.
La magama achaza uhlobo olubonakalayo lokuhamba kwamanzi.
Kwi-turbulent flow, inkqubela phambili yamasuntswana olwelo ayihambelani kwaye kukho ukutshintshana okubonakala ngathi akuhambelani. Amasuntswana ngamanye aphantsi kokuguquguquka kwesantya se-trans. verse ukuze intshukumo ibe yi-studdy kwaye ibe yi-sinuous endaweni yokuba ibe yi-rectilinear. Ukuba idayi ifakwe kwindawo ethile, iya kusasaza ngokukhawuleza kuyo yonke i-flow flow. Kwimeko ye-turbulent flow kumbhobho, umzekelo, ukurekhodwa kwangoko kwe-velocity kwicandelo kuya kubonisa ukusasazwa okuqikelelweyo njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1(a). I-steady velocity, njengoko iya kubhalwa zizixhobo zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo, iboniswe kwi-dotted outline, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba i-turbulent flow ibonakaliswa yi-version velocity engaguqukiyo ebekwe kwi-temporal steady mean.
Umfanekiso 1(a) Ukuhamba kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo
Umfanekiso 1(b) Ukuhamba kweLaminar
Kwi-laminar flow zonke ii-fluid particles zihamba ngeendlela ezihambelanayo kwaye akukho nxalenye yesantya esinqamlezileyo. Inkqubela phambili ecwangcisiweyo kukuba i-particle nganye ilandela ngqo indlela ye-particle engaphambi kwayo ngaphandle kokuphambuka. Ngaloo ndlela i-filament encinci yedayi iya kuhlala injalo ngaphandle kokusasazwa. Kukho i-transverse velocity gradient enkulu kakhulu kwi-laminar flow (Umzobo 1b) kunakwi-turbulent flow. Umzekelo, kumbhobho, umlinganiselo we-mean velocity V kunye ne-maximum velocity V max yi-0,5 ene-turbulent flow kunye ne-0,05 ene-laminar flow.
Ukuhamba kweLaminar kunxulunyaniswa nesantya esiphantsi kunye nolwelo oluthambileyo oluxineneyo. Kwi-hydraulics zepayipi kunye ne-open-channel, isantya sihlala siphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo, nangona umaleko omncinci we-laminar uhlala ukufutshane nomda oqinileyo. Imithetho yokuhamba kwe-laminar iyaqondakala ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezilula zomda usasazo lwesantya lunokuhlalutywa ngokwezibalo. Ngenxa yendalo yalo engaqhelekanga yokuphefumla, ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo kuye kwachasana nonyango oluqatha lwezibalo, kwaye kwisisombululo seengxaki ezisebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kubudlelwane obubonakalayo okanye obuncinci.
Impompo yoMlilo yeTurbine ethe nkqo
Inombolo yoMzekelo: XBC-VTP
Iimpompo zokulwa umlilo ezinde ezithe nkqo ze-XBC-VTP Series ziluhlu lweempompo ze-diffusers zesigaba esinye, ezinezigaba ezininzi, ezenziwe ngokuhambelana neNational Standard GB6245-2006 yamva nje. Sikwaphucule uyilo ngokubhekisa kumgangatho we-United States Fire Protection Association. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kubonelelo lwamanzi omlilo kwi-petrochemical, igesi yendalo, isikhululo samandla, ilaphu lekotoni, izibuko leenqanawa, inqwelomoya, iindawo zokugcina impahla, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye namanye amashishini. Ingasebenza nakwimikhumbi, itanki yolwandle, inqanawa yomlilo kunye neminye imicimbi yobonelelo.
Ukuhamba kokujikeleza kunye nokungajikelezi.
Kuthiwa ukuhamba kwamanzi kukujikeleza ukuba isuntswana ngalinye lolwelo linesantya se-angular esijikeleze iziko lalo lobunzima.
Umfanekiso 2a ubonisa usasazo lwesantya oluqhelekileyo oluhambelana nokuhamba okuguquguqukayo ngaphaya komda othe tye. Ngenxa yosasazo lwesantya olungafaniyo, isuntswana elinee-axes zalo ezimbini ekuqaleni liba ne-deformation eneqondo elincinci lokujikeleza. Kumfanekiso 2a, ukuhamba ngesangqa
Indlela iboniswa, isantya sihambelana ngqo neradiyumu. Ii-axes ezimbini zesuntswana zijikeleza kwicala elinye ukuze ukuhamba kwakhona kujikeleze.
Umfanekiso 2(a) Ukuhamba kokujikeleza
Ukuze ukuhamba kube yinto engajikeleziyo, ukusasazwa kwesantya ecaleni komda othe tye kufuneka kufane (Umz.2b). Kwimeko yokuhamba kwindlela ejikelezayo, kunokuboniswa ukuba ukuhamba okungajikeleziyo kuya kusebenza kuphela ukuba isantya silingana ngokuphambeneyo neradiyumu. Ukusuka ekujongeni kokuqala kuMfanekiso 3, oku kubonakala kuyimpazamo, kodwa uphononongo olusondeleyo lubonisa ukuba ii-axes ezimbini zijikeleza kwicala elichaseneyo ukuze kubekho isiphumo sokuhlawula esivelisa ulwalathiso oluqhelekileyo lwee-axes olungatshintshanga kwimeko yokuqala.
Umfanekiso 2(b) Ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga
Ngenxa yokuba zonke ii-fluids zine-viscosity, ukwehla kolwelo lokwenyani akukaze kube yinto eguquguqukayo ngokwenene, kwaye ukuhamba kwe-laminar ngokuqinisekileyo kukujikeleza kakhulu. Ngoko ke ukuhamba kwe-irrotation yimeko ecingelwayo ebeya kuba nomdla kwezemfundo-kuphela ukuba bekungengenxa yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi zokuhamba kwe-turbulent iimpawu zokujikeleza azibalulekanga kangangokuba zinokungahoywa. Oku kulula kuba kunokwenzeka ukuhlalutya ukuhamba kwe-irrotation ngokusebenzisa iingcamango zezibalo ze-hydrodynamics zakudala ekuthethwe ngazo ngaphambili.
Ipompo yokuya eManzini oLwandle iCentrifugal
Inombolo yoMzekelo: ASN ASNV
Iimpompo ze-ASN kunye ne-ASNV zeModeli ziimpompo ze-centrifugal zesigaba esinye kunye nezothutho olusetyenzisiweyo okanye olululwelo kwimisebenzi yamanzi, ukujikeleza komoya opholileyo, isakhiwo, ukunkcenkceshela, isikhululo sempompo yokukhupha amanzi, isikhululo samandla ombane, inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, inkqubo yokulwa nomlilo, iinqanawa, izakhiwo njalo njalo.
Ukuhamba okuzinzileyo nokungaguqukiyo.
Kuthiwa ukuhamba kwamanzi kuzinzile xa iimeko nangaliphi na ixesha zingaguquki ngokumalunga nexesha. Ukuchazwa ngokungqongqo kwale nkcazo kungakhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukuhamba kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo akuzange kube kuzinzile ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha kulula ukujonga intshukumo yolwelo ngokubanzi njengesiseko kunye nokuguquguquka okungaguqukiyo okunxulunyaniswa nokushukuma njengempembelelo yesibini kuphela. Umzekelo ocacileyo wokuhamba kwamanzi okuzinzileyo kukukhupha amanzi rhoqo kumjelo okanye kumjelo ovulekileyo.
Njengoko kulandelwa kulandela ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi akuzinzanga xa iimeko zahlukile malunga nexesha. Umzekelo wokuhamba kwamanzi okungazinzanga kukuphuma kwamanzi okwahlukeneyo kumjelo okanye kumjelo ovulekileyo; oku kudla ngokuba yinto edlulayo elandelelana, okanye elandelwa kukuphuma kwamanzi okungaguqukiyo. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo
Imizekelo yendalo ephindaphindayo ngakumbi yintshukumo yamaza kunye nentshukumo ejikelezayo yamanzi amakhulu ekuhambeni kwamanzi.
Uninzi lweengxaki ezisebenzayo kubunjineli be-hydraulic ziphathelele ukuhamba okuzinzileyo. Oku kuyithamsanqa, kuba ukuguquguquka kwexesha ekuhambeni okungazinzanga kwenza kube nzima kakhulu uhlalutyo. Ngoko ke, kwesi sahluko, ukuqwalaselwa kokuhamba okungazinzanga kuya kukhawulelwa kwiimeko ezimbalwa ezilula. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokuhamba okungazinzanga zinokuncitshiswa zibe kwimeko eqinileyo ngenxa yomgaqo wokuhamba okunxulumeneyo.
Ngoko ke, ingxaki ebandakanya inqanawa ehamba emanzini angashukumiyo inokutshintshwa ukuze inqanawa ihlale imile kwaye amanzi ahambe; eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokufana kwendlela esebenza ngayo ulwelo kukuba isantya esihambelanayo siya kuba siyafana. Kwakhona, intshukumo yamaza emanzini anzulu inokuncitshiswa iye kwi
imeko ezinzileyo ngokucinga ukuba umjongi uhamba namaza ngesantya esifanayo.
Injini yedizili I-Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water I-Drainage Pump Olu hlobo lwe-vertical drainage pump lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekupompeni ngaphandle kokubola, ubushushu bungaphantsi kwama-60 °C, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo (ngaphandle kwefayibha, iigrits) ngaphantsi kwe-150 mg/L yomxholo we-lindle okanye amanzi amdaka. I-VTP type vertical drainage pump ikwi-VTP type vertical water pumps, kwaye ngokusekelwe ekunyukeni kunye nekhola, i-tube lubrication ibekwe ngamanzi. Ingatshaya ubushushu obungaphantsi kwama-60 °C, ithumele ukuba iqulathe ingqolowa ethile eqinileyo (njenge-crap iron kunye nesanti entle, amalahle, njl.njl.) ye-lindle okanye amanzi amdaka.
Ukuhamba okufanayo nokungalinganiyo.
Kuthiwa ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyafana xa kungekho tshintsho kubukhulu nakwicala levektha yesantya ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye kwindlela yokuhamba kwamanzi. Ukuze kuhambelane nale nkcazo, zombini indawo yokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nesantya kufuneka zifane kuzo zonke iindawo ezinqamlezileyo. Ukuhamba kwamanzi okungahambelaniyo kwenzeka xa ivektha yesantya itshintsha ngokwendawo, umzekelo oqhelekileyo kukuhamba kwamanzi phakathi kwemida edibanayo okanye ephambukayo.
Zombini ezi meko zokutshintsha kwendlela yokuhamba kwamanzi zixhaphakile kwii-hydraulics ezivulekileyo, nangona zithetha ngokungqongqo, ekubeni ukuhamba kwamanzi okufanayo kuhlala kusondela ngaphandle kweempawu, yimeko efanelekileyo eqikelelwa kuphela kwaye ingafikelelwa ngokwenene. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimeko zinxulumene nendawo kunexesha kwaye ke ngoko kwiimeko zokuhamba kwamanzi okuvalekileyo (umz. iipayipi eziphantsi koxinzelelo), azixhomekekanga kakhulu kuhlobo lokuhamba kwamanzi oluzinzileyo okanye olungazinzanga.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-29-2024