Ngaba Uyaziqonda Ngokwenene Iimpompo ZeCentrifugal? Imibuzo E-8 Yobunjineli Echaphazela Ukuthembeka Kweempompo

Ø Q1: Kutheni umbhobho wokufunxa uhlala umkhulu kunombhobho wokufunxa wepompo?

Le yindlela eqhelekileyo kakhulu yokufakela iipompo ze-centrifugal.

Kwizicelo ezininzi,ububanzi obuqhelekileyo bombhobho wokufunxa bukhethwa ubungakanani obunye obukhulu kunombhobho wokufunxa wepompo. Isixhobo sokunciphisa esingaqhelekanga esifanelekileyo sidla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqhagamshela umbhobho kwipompo.

Ngoba?

Kukho izizathu ezintathu eziphambili:

Kutheni i-eccentric reducer isetyenziswa kakhulu?

Kwimibhobho yokufunxa ethe tye,i-eccentric reducer ethe tyaba phezuluisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa amathuba okuba kubekho iipokotho zomoya kumgca wokufunxa.

Nangona kunjalo, lo asingomthetho opheleleyo kuyo yonke into efakelwayo.

Indlela yokunciphisa umoya kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kulungiselelo lwepompo, ithambeka lemibhobho, iimpawu zolwelo, kunye nokwenzeka kokuba umoya uqokeleleke.

Umgaqo wobunjineli

Injongo asikokwenza nje umbhobho wokufunxa ube “mkhulu ngobukhulu obunye.”

Uyilo kufuneka luqwalasele oku:

• · Isantya sokufunxa
• · Ukulahlekelwa yingxabano kunye noxinzelelo lwengingqi
• · I-NPSha
• · Ipateni yokuhamba kokungena kwepompo
• · Ubude bombhobho othe tye
• · Indawo yeengqiniba kunye neevalvu
• · Amathuba okusebenzisa iipokotho zomoya

Ø Umbuzo 2: Kutheni ivalvu yokulawula idla ngokuba ncinci kunepayipi ephambili?

Ngokungafaniyo nemibhobho yokufunxa, iivalvu zokulawula azisoloko zikhethwa ngobubanzi obufanayo nombhobho oyintloko.

Umzekelo:

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zale ndlela yokwenza oku.

1. Ixabiso eliphantsi

Ivalvu encinci idla ngokubiza imali engaphantsi kunevalvu enobubanzi obufanayo nombhobho ophambili.

2. Uluhlu olungcono lolawulo

Ivalvu yokulawula ilawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokutshintsha indawo evulekileyo.

Ukuba ivalvu inkulu kakhulu, ingasebenza kwindawo encinci kakhulu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Oku kunokunciphisa uluhlu lwayo lolawulo olusebenzayo kwaye kwenze ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhamba kwamanzi lube nzima ngakumbi.

Ivalvu encinci enobukhulu obufanelekileyo inokusebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lokuvula olufanelekileyo ngakumbi.

3. Utshintsho lubangelwa kukulahlekelwa ngamandla aphezulu

Ivalvu encinci yonyusa isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela yonyusa ukwehla koxinzelelo.

Ngoko ke umgaqo awunjalo:

Ivalvu kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• · Umgangatho wohambo
• · Uxinzelelo lokwahluka
• · I-Cv/Kv
• · Uluhlu lolawulo olufunekayo
• · Ukwehla koxinzelelo okuvumelekileyo

Ø Umbuzo 3: Ngaba i-centrifugal pump suction inlet isoloko ifuna uxinzelelo oluhle?

Hayi.

Ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo kukuba uxinzelelo lokufunxa lwepompo ye-centrifugal kufuneka luhlale lungaphezulu koxinzelelo lomoya.

Enyanisweni, iimpompo ezininzi zinokusebenza ngenqanaba lolwelo elingaphantsi komgca ophakathi wempompo, nto leyo evumela impompo ukuba iphakamise ulwelo oluvela ngaphantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ephambili ayikokuba ipompo ingakwazi na "ukuphakamisa" ulwelo.

Inkqubo yokwenyani kufuneka ihlangabezane nemeko ye-NPSH efunekayo:

Njengoko i-suction lift isanda, uxinzelelo kwindawo yokungena kwipompo luyancipha kwaye ilahleko yomgca wokufunxa iba nkulu ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, xa i-suction lift iphezulu, kokukhona inkqubo kufuneka ihlolwe ngononophelo ukuba ayinabungozi bokucaphuka kwesisu.

Ø Umbuzo 4: Ngaba ivalvu yokujonga iyadingeka kwicala lokukhupha ipompo?

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokumpompa,ivalvu yokujonga ukukhupha amanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwenkqubo.

Inika ikakhulu iingenelo ezintathu.

1. Ithintela ukuhamba okungasemva

Xa ipompo iyeka, umahluko woxinzelelo kwinkqubo unokubangela ukuba ulwelo lubuyele kwipompo.

Ivalvu yokujonga ithintela oku kuhamba ngasemva.

2. Ithintela ukujikeleza okungasemva

Ukuhamba okungasemva kunokubangela ukuba i-impeller yepompo ijikeleze ngasemva.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ipompo kunye nomqhubi, oku kunokubangela iingxaki nge:

• · Izitywino zoomatshini
• · Iibheringi
• · Izihlanganisi
• · Izixhobo zokuqhuba zemoto okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuqhuba

3. Inceda ekugcineni umbhobho ugcwele

Kwezinye iinkqubo, ukugcina ulwelo kumgca wokukhupha kubalulekile ukuze kuqaliswe ngokutsha nangokuthembekileyo inkqubo isebenze.

Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwevalvu, indawo yokufakela, kunye neempawu zokuvala kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwenkqubo yokwenyani.

Kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka kwi-water hammer, amanyathelo ongezelelweyo afanaiivalvu zokujonga ezingatshixwanga, iivalvu zokujonga ezivala kancinci, iivalvu zomoya, okanye izixhobo zokukhusela ukugalelekakunokufuneka.

Ø Umbuzo 5: Yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo yokubeka imibhobho kwinkqubo yepompo ye-centrifugal?

Ukungazinzi kwepompo ngamanye amaxesha akubangelwa yipompo ngokwayo, kodwa kubangelwa kukungalungelelani kakuhle kwemibhobho.

Ingxaki enye eqhelekileyo yile:

Ngokufanelekileyo

Kwiinkqubo ezithile zokumpompa, umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi kufuneka unyuke ngokuqhubekayo uye kwitanki yokwamkela okanye kwindawo apho inkqubo isiya khona.

Oku kuvumela umoya ongena kwinkqubo ukuba uye kwindawo ephezulu uze ekugqibeleni uphume.

Ilungiselelo elilula nelifanelekileyo leli:

Kwenzeka ntoni kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani?

Kwiifekthi zokwenyani, iipayipi zihlala ziquka amacandelo amade angqindilili.

Icandelo elide elithe tye aliyongxaki ngokuyimfuneko.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphepha okungeyomfuneko:

• · Amanqaku aphezulu
• · Amanqaku aphantsi
• · Iithambeka ezibuyela umva
• · Iindawo apho umoya unokuqokelelana khona

Ukuba inqaku eliphezulu alinakuphepheka,ivalvu yokukhupha umoya / ivalvu yomoyakunokufuneka.

Kuthekani ukuba ivalvu yokulawula ifakwe kufutshane nesiphelo sombhobho?

Indawo yevalvu yokulawula kufuneka iqwalaselwe kunye nenqanaba letanki, uxinzelelo olusezantsi, ukwehla koxinzelelo lwevalvu, kunye nomngcipheko wokucaphuka kwesisu.

Inkqubo kufuneka igcine uxinzelelo olwaneleyo kwivalvu kwaye iphephe iimeko zokusebenza ezinokubangela ukuba i-cavitation ingasebenzi.

Umgaqo osisiseko ngulo:

Ø Umbuzo 6: Ungayijonga njani indlela esebenza ngayo ipompo ebaleni?

Enye yezona ndlela zithembekileyo kukuthelekisaimilinganiselo yokwenyani yentsimi nge-curve yokusebenza kwepompo yomenzi.

Imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:

• · Umgangatho wohambo
• · Uxinzelelo lokufunxa
• · Uxinzelelo lokukhupha umoya
• · Isantya sepompo
• · Umahluko wokuphakama phakathi kwamanqaku okulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nomgca ophakathi wepompo

Kufuneka zifakwe phi iigeyiji zoxinzelelo?

Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo mazifakwe kufutshane kangangoko neempumlo zokufunxa kunye nezokukhupha ipompo.

Umahluko wokuphakama phakathi kwamanqaku okulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nomgca ophakathi wepompo nawo kufuneka urekhodwe.

Intloko yepompo ayisiyonto ilula nje:

Ukubala kufuneka kuqwalaselwe umahluko wokuphakama, kwaye apho kufanelekileyo, iziphumo zesantya.

Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi singalinganiswa njani?

Kungcono usebenzise isixhobo sokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi esifanelekileyo esifana nesi:

• · Imitha yokuhamba kwemagnethi
• · Imitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic
• · Imitha yokuhamba kweTurbine
• · Ezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ezifanelekileyo

Ukuba imitha yokuhamba kwamanzi ayifumaneki, ukuhamba kwamanzi ngamanye amaxesha kunokuqikelelwa ngokulinganisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuzalisa itanki yomthamo owaziwayo.

Ngaba singajonga kuphela intloko evaliweyo?

Ewe, ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza okusisiseko.

Iintloko evaliweyokwenzeka xa kungekho manzi aphumayo, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi.

Ukuthelekisa intloko evaliweyo elinganisiweyo kunye negophe lomenzi kunokunceda ekuchongeni ukuba:

• · Ipompo isebenza ngesantya esifanelekileyo
• · Kufakwe ububanzi obuchanekileyo be-impeller
• · Ukusebenza kwepompo ngokubanzi kuhambelana negophe elilindelekileyo

Nangona kunjalo:

Ukusebenza kokungasebenzi kakuhle kunokubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi, umonakalo womatshini wokutywina, kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Kuthekani ngokusebenza kakuhle kwepompo?

Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunzima ngakumbi kuba amandla okufaka kwi-pump shaft kufuneka amiselwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Kuvavanyo lwasentsimini, oku kunokubandakanya ukulinganisa amandla okufaka injini kunye nokubala ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini kunye nokudluliselwa kwayo, okanye ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo i-torque yeshaft kunye nesantya.

Ø Umbuzo 7: I-liquid viscosity iyichaphazela njani ukusebenza kwepompo ye-centrifugal?

Uninzi lwee-curves zokusebenza kwepompo ye-centrifugal zisekelwe kuvavanyo olusebenzisaamanzi acocekileyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

Xa ulwelo olupompelweyo lunoburhabaxa obuphezulu kakhulu kunamanzi, ukusebenza kwepompo kunokutshintsha kakhulu.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• · Ukuhamba kwamanzi okuphantsi
• · Intloko esezantsi
• · Ukusebenza okuphantsi
• · Imfuneko yamandla aphezulu

Ke ngoko:

Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ubungqingqwa bolwelo, ubuninzi, ubushushu, kunye nendawo yokusebenza.

Kwizinto ezimanzi ezixineneyo kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwepompo ye-centrifugal kunokuncipha kakhulu.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo,iimpompo zokufuduka ezilungileyo, njengeempompo zesikrufu, iimpompo zegiya, okanye iimpompo ezijikelezayo, zinokubonelela ngesisombululo esingcono.

Akukho xabiso linye le-viscosity elingasetyenziswa njengomda oqhelekileyo kwipompo nganye ye-centrifugal. Ukufaneleka kwepompo kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokusekelwe kwisicelo sokwenyani kunye noyilo lwepompo.

Umbuzo 8: Ngaba ipompo ingasebenza naphi na ngaphakathi koluhlu lokuhamba kwamanzi oluboniswe kwigophe layo lokusebenza?

Akunjalo ngokuyimfuneko.

Inyaniso yokuba inqaku livela kwi-curve yepompo ayithethi ukuba linqaku elifanelekileyo lokusebenza rhoqo.

Impompo ye-centrifugal kufuneka isebenze kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi:

Izicelo ezininzi zijolise kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza olujikeleze80%–120% yomthamo we-BEP, kodwa uluhlu lokusebenza oluvumelekileyo kufuneka lusekelwe kwimvulophu yokusebenza ecetyiswayo ngumvelisi.

Kutheni kufuneka kuthintelwe ukusebenza ixesha elide kokuhamba kancinci komoya?

Xa ukuhamba kwamanzi kungaphantsi kakhulu kwe-BEP, impompo inokuba namava alandelayo:

• · Ukujikeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi
• · Ukunyuka kobushushu
• · Ukwanda kwemithwalo ye-radial
• · Ukungcangcazela okuphezulu
• · Ukugutywa kwesitywina ngoomatshini
• · Ukwanda kwemithwalo yeebhereyitha

Ukuba ukusebenza okungapheliyo kokuhamba kancinci akunakwenzeka, izisombululo ezinokubakho ziquka:

Ukhetho 1: Umgca we-minimum-flow bypass / recirculation

Inxalenye yolwelo ibuyiselwa rhoqo kumthombo wokufunxa okanye kwenye indawo efanelekileyo.

Ukhetho 2: I-variable speed drive

I-VFD ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa isantya sepompo kwaye ihambelane ngcono nemveliso yepompo neemfuno zenkqubo yokwenyani.

Kuthekani ngokugeleza okugqithisileyo?

Ukusebenza kakhulu ngasekunene kwegophe lepompo nako kunokubangela iingxaki, kuquka:

• · I-NPSHr ephezulu
• · Umda we-NPSH oncitshisiweyo
• · Ukucoca nge-cavitation
• · Ukwanda kokungcangcazela
• · Ukugqithisa kakhulu kwemoto
• · Ukusebenza kakuhle okunciphileyo

Ke ngoko:

Indawo yokusebenza ekhethwayo idla ngokuba kufutshane nendawo yomsebenzi woyilo kunye ne-BEP, ngelixa ihlala ngaphakathi koluhlu lokusebenza oluvumelekileyo lomenzi.