Nhanganyaya
Muchitsauko chakapfuura zvakaratidzwa kuti mamiriro chaiwo emasvomhu emasimba anoshandiswa nemvura dziri pazororo anogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mu hydrostatic chete masimba ekumanikidza ari nyore anobatanidzwa. Kana mvura iri kufamba ichifungwa, dambudziko rekuongorora rinobva ranyanya kuoma. Haisi kungofunga nezvehukuru hwe particle velocity negwara chete, asiwo pane simba rakaoma rekusviba richikonzera kucheka kana kukweshana pakati pezvikamu zvemvura zvinofamba uye pamiganhu ine mvura. Kufamba kunokwanisika pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana zvemuviri wemvura kunoita kuti kudzvanywa nekukweshana kwemvura zvisiyane zvakanyanya kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuyerera. Nekuda kwekuoma kwakabatana nechiitiko chekuyerera, ongororo chaiyo yemasvomhu inogoneka chete mune mashoma, uye kubva pakuona kwemainjiniya, mamwe mamiriro asingashande. Saka zvakakosha kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuyerera kungave nekuyedza, kana nekuita kuti fungidziro dziri nyore dzikwane kuti uwane mhinduro yedzidziso. Maitiro maviri aya haasi akasiyana, sezvo mitemo mikuru yemakanika inogara ichishanda uye inobvumira nzira dzedzidziso kuti dzishandiswe mune dzinoverengeka nyaya dzakakosha. Zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti kutsauka kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo kwasvika pakuongorora kuri nyore.
Pfungwa inonyanya kurerutsa ndeyekuti mvura yacho yakanaka kana kuti yakakwana, nokudaro ichibvisa migumisiro yakaoma ye viscous. Iyi ndiyo hwaro hwe classical hydrodynamics, bazi remasvomhu akashandiswa akatorwa pfungwa nenyanzvi dzakakurumbira dzakadai saStokes, Rayleigh, Rankine, Kelvin naLamb. Kune miganhu yakakura mudzidziso yekare, asi sezvo mvura ine viscosity yakaderera, inoita semvura chaiyo mumamiriro mazhinji. Nekuda kweizvi, classical hydrodynamics inogona kuonekwa senzvimbo inokosha yekudzidza hunhu hwekufamba kwemvura. Chitsauko chino chine chekuita nemasimba ekutanga ekufamba kwemvura uye chinoshanda sesumo yekutanga kuzvikamu zvinotevera zvinobata nematambudziko chaiwo anosangana nawo mu civil engineering hydraulics. Ma equation matatu akakosha ekufamba kwemvura anoti, continuity, Bernoulli, uye momentum equations anotorwa uye kukosha kwawo kunotsanangurwa. Gare gare, miganhu yedzidziso yekare inofungwa uye maitiro emvura chaiyo anotsanangurwa. Mvura isingapindiki inofungidzirwa mukati mese.
Mhando dzekuyerera
Mhando dzakasiyana dzekufamba kwemvura dzinogona kupatsanurwa seizvi:
1. Inovhuvhuta uye ine ruzha
2. Kutenderera uye kusagadzikana
3. Yakasimba uye isina kugadzikana
4. Yakaenzana uye isina kufanana.
Pombi yetsvina inonyudzwa mumvura
Mapombi eMVS series axial-flow Pombi dzeAVS series mixed-flow (Vertical Axial flow uye Mixed flow submersible sewage pombi) zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvakagadzirwa zvinobudirira kuburikidza nekushandisa tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekune dzimwe nyika. Kugona kwemapombi matsva kwakakura ne20% kupfuura ekare. Kushanda zvakanaka kwakakwira ne3-5% kupfuura ekare.
Kuyerera kwemhepo kunovhuvhuta uye kwakaomarara.
Mashoko aya anotsanangura hunhu hwemuviri hwekufamba kwemvura.
Mukuyerera kwemvura kwakashata, kufambira mberi kwezvikamu zvemvura hakuna kurongeka uye pane kuchinjana kwenzvimbo kunoratidzika kunge kusina kurongeka. Zvikamu zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe zvinogona kuchinja-chinja mavhesi e trans. verse zvekuti kufamba kwacho kuri kutsvedza uye kunotsvedza kwete kutsvedza. Kana dhayi ikaiswa panzvimbo yakati, inopararira nekukurumidza murwizi rwemvura. Semuenzaniso, kana paine kuyerera kwakashata mupombi, kurekodha kwekukurumidza kwevelocity pachikamu kunoratidza kugoverwa kwakafungidzirwa sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1(a). Velocity yakagadzikana, sezvaingave yakanyorwa nezvishandiso zvekuyera zvakajairika, inoratidzwa muchidimbu, uye zviri pachena kuti turbulent flow inoratidzwa nevelocity isina kugadzikana inoiswa paavhareji yenguva.
Mufananidzo 1(a) Kuyerera kwemhepo ine nyonganyonga
Mufananidzo 1(b) Kuyerera kweLaminar
Mukuyerera kwelaminar, zvidimbu zvese zvemvura zvinofamba nenzira dzakafanana uye hapana chikamu chekukurumidza chinochinjika. Kufambira mberi kwakarongeka ndekwekuti chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinotevera nzira chaiyo yechidimbu chiri pamberi pacho pasina kutsauka. Saka shinda diki yedhayi icharamba yakadaro pasina kupararira. Kune kutenderera kukuru kwekukurumidza mukuyerera kwelaminar (Mufananidzo 1b) kupfuura mukuyerera kwemhepo. Semuenzaniso, paipi, chiyero chepakati pekukurumidza V uye kumhanya kwakanyanya V max i0,5 nekuyerera kwemhepo uye 0,05 nekuyerera kwemhepo.
Kuyerera kweLaminar kunobatanidzwa nekumhanya kwakaderera uye mvura inotsvedza inotsvedza. Muma hydraulics epaipi neakazaruka, kumhanya kwacho kunowanzo kuve kwakakwira zvakakwana kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuyerera kwemhepo kunotenderera, kunyangwe layer yakatetepa yelaminar inoramba iri pedyo nemuganhu wakasimba. Mitemo yekuyerera kwelaminar inonzwisiswa zvizere, uye kune mamiriro ari nyore emuganhu, kugoverwa kwekukurumidza kunogona kuongororwa nemasvomhu. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekutenderera husina kurongeka, kuyerera kwemhepo kunotenderera kwakakunda kurapwa kwemasvomhu kwakasimba, uye kuti pagadziriswe matambudziko anoshanda, zvakakosha kuvimba zvakanyanya nehukama hwe empirical kana semi-empirical.
Pombi yemoto yeTurbine yakatwasuka
Nhamba yeModhero: XBC-VTP
Mapombi ekudzivirira moto eXBC-VTP Series akamira kwenguva refu akagadzirwa nemapombi emhando imwe chete, ane nhanho dzakawanda, akagadzirwa zvichienderana neNational Standard GB6245-2006 yazvino. Takavandudzawo dhizaini tichitarisa mwero weUnited States Fire Protection Association. Anonyanya kushandiswa pakugovera mvura yemoto mumafuta, gasi rechisikigo, chiteshi chemagetsi, machira edonje, chiteshi chengarava, ndege, nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu, zvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro nedzimwe nzvimbo. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuzvikepe, matangi egungwa, ngarava dzemoto nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekupa zvinhu.
Kuyerera kwemhepo inotenderera uye irrerotational.
Kuyerera kwemvura kunonzi kunotenderera kana chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine mwero wekufamba kwemvura uri pakati pehukuru hwacho.
Mufananidzo 2a unoratidza kugoverwa kwekukurumidza kwakajairika kunoenderana nekuyerera kwakasimba kupfuura muganhu wakatwasuka. Nekuda kwekugoverwa kwekukurumidza kusina kufanana, chinhu chine maaxes acho maviri chinotanga chakamira chakamira chakatarisana nekutenderera kudiki. MuMufananidzo 2a, kuyerera kwacho kuri mudenderedzwa
Nzira inoratidzwa, nekumhanya kwakanangana neradius. Mativi maviri echinhu chinotenderera akananga divi rimwe chete kuitira kuti kuyerera kutenderere zvakare.
Mufananidzo 2(a) Kuyerera kwekufamba
Kuti kuyerera kwemvura kuve kusingadzoreki, kugoverwa kwekukurumidza kuri pedyo nemuganhu wakatwasuka kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana (Mufananidzo 2b). Kana kuyerera kwemvura munzira yakatenderera, zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti kuyerera kwemvura kunongoenderana chete kana kumhanya kwacho kwakaenzana neradius. Kubva pakutanga paMufananidzo 3, izvi zvinoita sekunge hazvina kururama, asi kuongorora kwakanyatsojeka kunoratidza kuti maaxe maviri aya anotenderera munzira dzakasiyana zvekuti pane mhedzisiro inoburitsa avhareji yekutarisa kwemaaxes iyo isina kuchinja kubva pakutanga.
Mufananidzo 2(b) Kuyerera kwemhepo kusingadzoreki
Nekuti mvura dzese dzine viscosity, kuderera kwemvura chaiyo hakumbofi kwakanyangadza, uye kuyerera kwe laminar zvechokwadi kunotenderera zvakanyanya. Saka kuyerera kwe irretational mamiriro ezvinhu angadai ari ekufungidzira ayo angave akakosha mudzidzo - chete dai pasina chokwadi chekuti muzviitiko zvakawanda zvekuyerera kwe turbulent hunhu hwekutenderera hahuna kukosha zvekuti hunogona kuregeredzwa. Izvi zviri nyore nekuti zvinokwanisika kuongorora kuyerera kwe irretational uchishandisa pfungwa dzemasvomhu dze classical hydrodynamics dzambotaurwa.
Pombi Yekuenda Kumvura Yegungwa reCentrifugal
Nhamba yeModhero: ASN ASNV
Mapombi emhando yeASN neASNV ipombi dzecentrifugal dzinoshandiswa padanho rimwe chete dzinoshandiswa pakubvisa mvura, dzinofambisa mhepo inotonhodza, dzinovaka, dzinodiridza, dzinofambisa mvura, dzinoshandisa magetsi, dzinoshandisa mvura mumaindasitiri, dzinodzima moto, dzinoshandisa ngarava, dzinovaka nezvimwewo.
Kuyerera kwakadzikama uye kusina kugadzikana.
Kuyerera kwemvura kunonzi kwakadzikama kana mamiriro ezvinhu chero nguva akafanana maererano nenguva. Kududzira kwakasimba kwetsanangudzo iyi kungaita kuti pave nemhedziso yekuti kuyerera kwemvura kwakasimba hakuna kumbobvira kwadzikama zvechokwadi. Zvisinei, pari zvino zviri nyore kuona kufamba kwemvura senzira yekuyera uye kuchinja-chinja kunokonzerwa nekutenderera kwemvura sechimwe chinhu chinongokonzera kuderera kwesimba. Muenzaniso uri pachena wekuyerera kwemvura kwakadzikama kunobva kwangogara kuripo mugomba kana mugero wakavhurika.
Semhedzisiro, zvinotevera kuti kuyerera kwemvura hakuna kugadzikana kana mamiriro ezvinhu achisiyana maererano nenguva. Muenzaniso wekuyerera kwemvura kusina kugadzikana kuyerera kwakasiyana-siyana mumugero kana mugero wakavhurika; ichi chinowanzova chiitiko chenguva pfupi chinotevedzana, kana kuteverwa, nekubuda kwemvura kwakadzikama. Zvimwe zvinozivikanwa
Mienzaniso yekufamba kwenguva pfupi ndeyekufamba kwemafungu uye kufamba kwemvura yakakura mukuyerera kwemvura.
Matambudziko mazhinji anoshanda mu hydraulic engineering ane chekuita nekuyerera kwakasimba. Izvi zvine rombo rakanaka, sezvo nguva inoshanduka mukuyerera kusina kugadzikana inoomesa zvakanyanya ongororo. Saka, muchitsauko chino, kufunga nezvekuyerera kusina kugadzikana kuchagumira kune zviitiko zvishoma zviri nyore. Zvakakosha kurangarira, zvisinei, kuti zviitiko zvakawanda zvakajairika zvekuyerera kusina kugadzikana zvinogona kuderedzwa kusvika padanho rakasimba nekuda kwenheyo yekufamba kwehukama.
Saka, dambudziko rine chekuita nemudziyo wemvura uchifamba mumvura isina kugadzikana rinogona kudzokororwa kuitira kuti mudziyo umire uye mvura ifambe; chinhu chimwe chete chinoita kuti kufanana kwemafambiro emvura kufanane ndechekuti kumhanya kwemvura kunofanira kunge kwakafanana. Zvakare, kufamba kwemafungu mumvura yakadzika kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika pa
mamiriro akadzikama nekufungidzira kuti mucherechedzi anofamba nemafungu nekumhanya kwakafanana.
Injini yedhiziri Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water Drainage Pump Rudzi urwu rwepombi yemvura inoyerera inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakupomba isina ngura, tembiricha iri pasi pe60 °C, zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa (kusasanganisira fiber, grits) pasi pe150 mg/L yemvura yetsvina kana tsvina. Pombi yemvura inoyerera yemhando yeVTP iri mumapombi emvura anotenderera emhando yeVTP, uye zvichibva pakuwedzera uye kora, chubhu inoisa mafuta emafuta mumvura. Inogona kupfungaira tembiricha iri pasi pe60 °C, kutumira kuti ive netsanga yakasimba (senge simbi yakapwanyika nejecha rakanaka, marasha, nezvimwewo) yetsvina kana mvura yakasviba.
Kuyerera kwakafanana uye kusina kufanana.
Kuyerera kwemvura kunonzi kwakafanana kana pasina shanduko muhukuru negwara revector yekumhanya kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe munzira yekuyerera. Kuti zvienderane netsananguro iyi, nzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura uye kumhanya kwemvura zvinofanira kunge zvakafanana pamativi ese ekuyambuka. Kuyerera kusina kufanana kunoitika kana vector yekumhanya ichisiyana nenzvimbo, muenzaniso wakajairika uri kuyerera pakati pemiganhu inoungana kana inopatsanuka.
Mamiriro ese ari maviri ekuyerera kwemvura akajairika muma hydraulics akavhurika, kunyangwe tichinyatsotaura, sezvo kuyerera kwakafanana kuchigara kuchionekwa pasina zviratidzo, imamiriro akanaka ayo anongofungidzirwa chete uye haambofi akawanikwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mamiriro acho ane chekuita nenzvimbo kwete nguva uye nekudaro kana paine kuyerera kwakavharirwa (semuenzaniso mapaipi ari pasi pekumanikidzwa), haana kuzvimiririra kubva pakuyerera kwakadzikama kana kusagadzikana.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-29-2024