Kugera ku kubahiriza NFPA 20 bituma pompe y'umuriro ikora neza mu gihe cy'impanuka. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi cyane muri iri hame byibanda ku bice bine by'ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu ikomeze kuba nziza.
·Guhitamo Pompe neza
·Gushyiraho neza
·Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wizewe
·Gupima no kubungabunga buri gihe
Iyi mfashanyigisho yoroshya aya mahame agoye mu ntambwe zishobora gukurikizwa. Itanga uburyo bwo gushyira no kubungabungapompe zisunika centrifugal mu mpera, bifasha ibigo gukomeza kwitegura buri gihe.
Intambwe ya 1: Guhitamo Pompe y'umuriro ikoresha uburyo bwo gukurura umuriro
Guhitamo pompe ikoresha umuriro neza ni intambwe y'ibanze yo kubahiriza NFPA 20. Pompe ntigomba kuba yujuje gusa ibisabwa na hydraulic mu buryo bwo kurinda inkongi, ahubwo igomba no kuba ifite ibyangombwa bikwiye kandi ikozwe mu bikoresho biramba. Ibi bituma ikora nk'uko byitezwe mu gihe cy'impanuka z'inkongi.
Kwemeza urutonde rwa UL n'iyemezwa rya FM
Icyemezo cy’umuntu wa gatatu gitangwa na Underwriters Laboratories (UL) na Factory Mutual (FM) Global gitanga icyizere cy’uko pompe yizewe kandi ikora neza. Abayobozi b’ibigo bashobora kwemeza icyemezo cy’ipompe binyuze mu nzira isobanutse kandi y’intambwe eshatu:
1. Saba Impamyabushobozi ku Mukora: Ukora atanga impapuro zemewe zigaragaza ko imashini iteranya ipompe yujuje ibisabwa na NFPA 20.
2. Genzura ukoresheje Database zemewe zo kuri interineti: Shyiraho inomero z'icyitegererezo n'amadosiye muri database za UL Product iQ cyangwa FM Approval Guide kuri interineti. Modeli itaboneka muri izi directories ntabwo yemejwe.
3.Suzuma ibimenyetso bya pompe: Umaze kuyitanga, reba ikimenyetso cyemewe cy’ipompe, inomero y’icyitegererezo, n’amakuru y’imikorere yayo. Aya makuru agomba kuba ajyanye n’icyemezo n’urutonde rwa interineti.
Gusobanukirwa Umuvuduko w'Imikorere ya Pompe
Umuvuduko w'imikorere ya pompe ni imbonerahamwe igaragaza ubushobozi bw'imikorere ya pompe. NFPA 20 isaba ko imikorere ya pompe yemezwa mu ngingo eshatu z'ingenzi:
·Gutemba (0% by'amazi atemba): Umuvuduko iyo pompe ikora nta mazi atemba. Umuvuduko wo kuzimya ugomba kuguma hagati ya 101% na 140% by'umuvuduko wagenwe kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza ibice by'iyi sisitemu.
·Ingano y'Ingano (Ingano y'Ingano 100%): Aho ikoranabuhanga rikorerwa aho ipompo itanga litiro zayo ku munota (GPM) ku gitutu cyazo.
·Gutwara umuvuduko mwinshi (150% by'amazi anyuramo): Pompe igomba gutanga nibura 65% by'umuvuduko wayo ku kigero cya 150% by'amazi anyuramo nta kurenza umushoferi wayo (moteri cyangwa moteri).
Ingano y'imbaraga z'umushoferi igomba kuba ihagije kugira ngo ishobore guhangana n'ibyifuzo bya pompe kuri buri gace kari kuri iyi curve.
Guhuza Ibikoresho by'Ubwubatsi n'Ibipimo ngenderwaho
NFPA 20 isobanura ibikoresho bikomeye kugira ngo birambe kandi birinde kwangirika imburagihe.pompe zisunika centrifugal mu mperaUbusanzwe zubakwa hakoreshejwe agasanduku k'icyuma gishongeshejwe, impeller y'umuringa cyangwa iy'icyuma kidashonga, hamwe n'umugozi w'icyuma kidashonga ukomeye cyane.
Icyitonderwa ku bidukikije byangiritse. Ku bijyanye n'amazi y'umunyu cyangwa ibinyobwa byangiza, ibikoresho bisanzwe ntibihagije. NFPA 20 yemerera ibikoresho byihariye. Urugero, pompe zikoresha centrifugal zikoreshwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi zishobora gukoresha umuringa, icyuma cya kabiri cya stainless, cyangwa irangi ridasanzwe kugira ngo zirinde ingese kandi zikore neza. Buri gihe gisha inama uwakoze umushinga kugira ngo aguhe ibikoresho bikwiye hashingiwe ku isoko y'amazi.
Intambwe ya 2: Gushyiraho by'ingenzi pompe za centrifugal zo gukurura amazi
Pompe yatoranijwe neza ikora neza gusa. Gushyiraho nezapompe zisunika centrifugal mu mperaigenzura ko ikoranabuhanga rihamye, rikora neza kandi rirambye. NFPA 20 igaragaza ibisabwa byihariye ku bidukikije bya pompe, ishingiro ryayo, n'imiyoboro yayo kugira ngo ikore neza mu gihe cy'impanuka.
Ibisabwa mu cyumba cyo gupompa no mu rufatiro
Aho pompe iherereye n'imiterere y'inkunga ni ingenzi mu kubahiriza amategeko. Icyumba cyo kuvoma ubwacyo kigomba kuzuza ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo kirinde ibikoresho kandi kigenzurwe neza.
·Ubwubatsi: Icyumba kigomba kuba cyagenewe ibikoresho byo kurinda inkongi kandi kigatandukanywa n'utundi duce n'ubwubatsi bushingiye ku nkongi y'umuriro.
·Kugera: Bisaba kwinjira mu buryo butaziguye uturutse inyuma y'inyubako cyangwa unyuze mu nzira y'umuriro, ifite inzugi nini bihagije kugira ngo ibikoresho bigende neza.
·Ibidukikije: Icyumba kigomba kugira ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 40 kugira ngo hirindwe ubukonje. Pompe zikoresha mazutu nazo zikenera uburyo bukomeye bwo guhumeka kugira ngo zikureho imyuka isohora umwuka kandi zigatanga umwuka uhagije wo gutwika.
Urufatiro rw'ipompo rugomba kuba rufite imbaraga zihagije kugira ngo rushobore kwakira ukuzunga no gutanga ubufasha bukomeye. Ubusanzwe rukozwe muri beto ikomeye kandi rugomba kuba rwagenewe gutwara uburemere bwose bw'ipompo n'igiteranyo cy'umushoferi. Igice cy'ibanze cy'ipompo gihambirwa ku rufatiro hakoreshejwe bolts z'inkingi hanyuma cyuzuzwamo imigozi, bigatuma habaho imiterere imwe ikomeye ibuza kugenda no kugumana umurongo w'imigozi.
Imiyoboro yo gukurura no gusohora umuriro
Gushyira imiyoboro neza ni ingenzi cyane mu gukumira gucika kw'amazi—ikibazo cyangiza giterwa n'umuvuduko muke ku gice cyo gukurura amazi cya pompe. NFPA 20 itanga amategeko asobanutse neza agenga imiyoboro yo gukurura amazi:
·Umuyoboro wo gukurura ugomba kuba ungana nibura n'umugozi wo gukurura wa pompe.
·Bigomba kuba bigufi kandi bigororotse uko bishoboka kose.
· Igice cy'umuyoboro kigororotse kingana nibura n'umurambararo wikubye inshuro 10 z'umuyoboro kigomba gushyirwaho mbere y'aho ipompo ikura amazi kugira ngo bigabanye ubwivumbure.
·Inkokora n'ibikoresho bitera umuyaga bigomba kwirindwa hafi y'aho ipompo yinjira.
Imiyoboro yo gusohora amazi igomba kandi kuba ifite ingano nziza kandi ishyigikiwe neza kugira ngo ihangane n'umuvuduko mwinshi uterwa n'ipompo. Imiyoboro yo gusohora amazi n'iyo gusohora amazi ikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi ku mashini zifata amazi zigomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ko ipompo ikomeza gukurura amazi.
Ibipimo n'amavalufu yo gufasha bikenewe
Ibikoresho bifasha abakoresha kugenzura imikorere ya pompe. NFPA 20 itegeka ibipimo by'umuvuduko ku mpande zombi z'ipompe zisunika n'izisohora amazi. Ibi bipimo bigomba kuba biri hafi y'aho pompe zisunika kugira ngo bimenye neza igipimo cy'umuvuduko mu gihe cyo kugerageza no gukora.
Ni ryari imashini igabanya umuvuduko ikenewe? Imashini igabanya umuvuduko muri rusange ntiyemerewe ku mashini zikoresha umuriro zikoresha moteri zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ariko, irakenewe ku mashini zikoresha moteri ya mazutu niba umuvuduko ntarengwa ushobora kurenza urugero rw'ibice by'iyi porogaramu. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo moteri ikora vuba cyane cyangwa niba hari umuvuduko mwinshi utuma ikoresha umwuka uhindagurika. Imashini ifite ingano nk'uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe za NFPA 20 kandi igomba gufungura mbere yuko umuvuduko uzamuka cyane.
Intambwe ya 3: Kugenzura ko habaho amashanyarazi yizewe kandi agenzurwa
A pompe yo kuzimya umuriroIkora neza gusa iyo ifite isoko ryizewe ry’amashanyarazi n’umugenzuzi w’ubwenge wo kuyikoresha. NFPA 20 ishyiraho amategeko akaze ku buryo bw’amashanyarazi n’ubw’imashini bishyigikira ipompo y’umuriro, ikagenzura ko ikora nta kabuza mu gihe cy’impanuka. Ibi bisabwa biratandukanye bitewe n’uko ipompo ikoresha moteri y’amashanyarazi cyangwa umushoferi wa moteri ya mazutu.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ku bashoferi ba moteri z'amashanyarazi
Pompe zikoresha moteri zikenera isoko ryihariye kandi rikomeye ry'amashanyarazi. Iyi pompe igomba kuva mu muyoboro wizewe w'amashanyarazi cyangwa ikigo gitanga amashanyarazi kiri aho. Ingufu zigomba kuba zitandukanye n'amashanyarazi rusange y'inyubako kugira ngo hirindwe ko zihagarara. Insinga zose n'imiyoboro bigomba kurindwa kwangirika kw'umubiri no gutwika. Urugero, insinga zitanga amazi akenshi zijyanwa hanze y'inyubako cyangwa zigashyirwa muri santimetero ebyiri za beto kugira ngo zigenzurwe neza.
Kugabanuka kwa Voltage ni ingenzi. Ingufu zigomba kuba zifite ingano kugira ngo zishobore guhangana n'ingufu nyinshi za moteri mu gihe cyo gutangira. NFPA 20 yemerera kugabanuka kwa voltage bitarenze 15% iyo moteri itangiye kandi ntibirenze 5% iyo ikora yuzuye.
Kuzuza ibisabwa ku bashoferi ba moteri ya mazutu
Moteri za mazutu zitanga isoko ry’amashanyarazi ryigenga ariko zikenera sisitemu zazo zishyigikira. Igisabwa cy’ingenzi ni lisansi. Ikigega cya lisansi kiri aho kigomba kuba gifite mazutu ihagije kugira ngo ikoreshe pompe igihe kirekire, ubusanzwe kibarwa nka galoni imwe kuri buri farasi, hamwe n’ingano y’inyongera ya 10% yo gukoresha mu gukurura no kwagura. Moteri kandi ikeneye sisitemu yihariye yo gukonjesha, akenshi ikoresha icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe gitembera amazi ava mu ipompe kugira ngo moteri idashyuha cyane. Guhumeka neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo haboneke umwuka mwiza wo gutwika no gusohora imyuka ihumanya hanze y’icyumba cya pompe mu buryo bwizewe.
Ibisobanuro by'imashini igenzura umuriro
Imashini igenzura ipompo y'umuriro ni ubwonko bw'iyi sisitemu, ishinzwe gutangiza ipompo mu buryo bwikora iyo ibonye igabanuka ry'umuvuduko. Imashini igenzura igomba kuba iri mu cyumba kimwe n'imashini kandi ikaba yoroshye kuyigeraho. NFPA 20 itegeka ko umugenzuzi agenzura kandi agatanga ibimenyetso ku bintu byinshi bikomeye ahantu kure. Impuruza zikomeye zigenzurwa zirimo:
·Pompe irimo gukora
·Gutakaza imbaraga z'ibanze
·Guhindura intera (kuri moteri z'amashanyarazi)
·Ikibazo cya moteri cyangwa lisansi nkeya (kuri moteri za mazutu)
Izi mpungenge zo mu bwoko bwa "remote alarm" zemeza ko abakozi b'inyubako bahita bamenya uko sisitemu ihagaze, yaba ikora neza cyangwa isaba kwitabwaho.
Intambwe ya 4: Isuzuma ry'Ukwemerwa no Gukomeza Kwita ku Bikorwa
Sisitemu y’ipompo ikoresha umuriro ijyanye n’amategeko isaba kugenzura imikorere yayo nyuma yo kuyishyiraho no kuyitunganya buri gihe kugira ngo imenyekane ko yiteguye. Isuzuma ry’uko yakirwa ryemeza imiterere yayo ya mbere, mu gihe gahunda yo kuyisana ihoraho ikomeza gukora neza mu myaka iri imbere.
Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cyo kwemererwa mu murima
Ikizamini cyo kwakira umuriro ni cyo gipimo cya nyuma cy’uko sisitemu y’ipompe y’umuriro ikora nk’uko byagenwe. Iki kizamini cy’ingenzi gikorwa n’abakozi babishoboye, bashobora kuba barimo uhagarariye uruganda, rwiyemezamirimo urinda umuriro, n’Ikigo gifite ububasha bwo kuwurinda (AHJ). Mu gihe cy’ikizamini, abatekinisiye bandika umuvuduko w’ipompe n’umuvuduko w’amazi ku ngingo nyinshi. Ipompe igomba kuzuza cyangwa kurenza imikorere igaragara ku murongo wayo wemewe w’iduka ku bintu bitatu by’ingenzi: kudasohoka (guhindagurika), gutembera neza (100%), no gutembera neza (150%). Ku mapompe afite uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko uhindagurika, ikizamini kiragenda gikwirakwira kikagera ku bipimo bya 25%, 50%, 75%, na 125% by’ubushobozi bw’amazi.
Urutonde rw'igenzura rya buri cyumweru n'iry'umwaka
Igenzura rihoraho ni itegeko kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amategeko no kwizerwa.
·Ikizamini cya buri cyumweru cya "No-Few": Abakozi b'ikigo bagomba gukoresha pompe nibura iminota 10 buri cyumweru nta mazi atemba. Muri iki kizamini, bandika imbaraga zitangira, zisukwa, n'izisohora amazi. Bagenzura kandi amajwi adasanzwe, imitingito, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije mu gasanduku k'ipompe na bearings. Ingufu zipakiye pompe zigomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari amazi atemba neza, ubusanzwe amazi atemba buhoro buhoro kugira ngo harebwe niba ari meza.
·Ikizamini cya buri mwaka cya "Full-Fillow": Umutekinisiye wujuje ibisabwa agomba gukora ikizamini cyuzuye buri mwaka. Iki kizamini gipima imikorere ya pompe ku bushobozi budakwirakwira, ubwinshi bw'amazi, na 150% by'ubushobozi bwayo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byagenzuwe. Umutekinisiye yandika amakuru yose, harimo umuvuduko, ubwinshi bw'amazi, amashanyarazi, na amperage, agereranya ibyavuye mu bizamini byabanje kugira ngo hamenyekane niba imikorere yangiritse.
Ibikorwa by'ingenzi byo kubungabunga ubuzima burambye
Gusana byihutirwa birinda kwangirika gutunguranye kandi byongera igihe cyo gukora ipompo. Inshingano ebyiri z'ingenzi ni ugushyira amavuta mu mavuta no kuyashyira mu bikorwa.
Inama y'inzobere: Gusiga amavuta no gupakirapompe zisohora umurirokoresha ibyuma bisiga amavuta. Amabwiriza y'uwakoze ibyuma agena gahunda yo kongera gusiga amavuta hashingiwe ku bunini bw'ibyuma n'amasaha yo gukora. Abatekinisiye bagomba kandi kugenzura uburyo pompe ipakiye mu gihe cyo gukora buri cyumweru. Guhindura neza bituma amazi asohoka gato kugira ngo akonje kandi ashire, hirindwa kwangirika vuba. Gushyiramo andi mavuta biba ngombwa gusa iyo igitsina kitagishoboye guhindurwa kugira ngo hagenzurwe ko amazi asohoka.
Urugendo rw'uko ikigo gikurikiza amategeko rushingiye ku nkingi enye: Guhitamo neza, Gushyiraho neza, Ingufu zizewe, no Gupima buri gihe. Gukurikiza amabwiriza birinda amakosa akunze kugaragara mu igenzura, nko gusuzuma nabi cyangwa gupima ibintu bidashoboka.
Urutonde rwa nyuma rw'igenzura ry'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko
·Pompe iri ku rutonde rwa UL/FM.
·Imikorere yemezwa ku kigero cya 150%.
·Imiyoboro y'amazi ifite ingano ikwiye.
·Isoko y'amashanyarazi ni umwihariko kandi yizewe.
·Ibizamini byose bikenewe birakorwa.
Kwirengagiza izi ntambwe bishobora gutera amande akomeye y’amategeko no kwangirwa ubwishingizi. Abayobozi b’ibigo bagomba guhora bareba igitabo gishya cya NFPA 20, gihora kivugururwa buri gihe, hamwe n’inzobere ibifitiye ububasha nk’injeniyeri wemewe wo kurinda inkongi kugira ngo barebe ko umutekano usesuye n’uko amategeko abiteganya.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Kuki itegeko ry'umurambararo w'imiyoboro 10 ari ingenzi cyane?
Iri tegeko rituma amazi yinjira neza kandi adatembagara mu mashini. Gutembagara bishobora gutera gucika intege, indwara yangiza impeller kandi ikagabanya imikorere. Gukurikiza iri tegeko birinda ibikoresho kandi bigatanga icyizere mu gihe cy’impanuka.
Ese pompe isanzwe yo gukurura amazi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukoresha amazi y'umunyu?
Pompe zisanzwe zikoresha ibikoresho byangiritse mu mazi y'umunyu.NFPA 20ikenera ibikoresho byihariye kandi birwanya ingese kuri ibi bidukikije. Inganda zikomeye nka TONGKE zitanga pompe zubatswe mu cyuma cya bronze cyangwa cy’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa kabiri cyane cyane mu mazi no mu bindi bikoresho bisaba amazi menshi, zigatuma ziramba kandi zikubahirizwa.
Intego y'ikizamini cya buri cyumweru "kitagenda neza" ni iyihe?
Ikizamini cya buri cyumweru cyemeza ko pompe yiteguye neza nta mazi menshi atemba. Cyemeza ko pompe yatangiye neza kandi kigaha abayikora kugenzura niba hari amazi yamenetse, hari imitingito idasanzwe, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije. Iri genzura ryoroshye ni igice cy'ingenzi mu kubungabunga no kubahiriza NFPA 20.
Ese buri pompe y'umuriro ikeneye valve yorohereza umuvuduko?
Valve nyamukuru ikoreshwa gusa ku mashini zikoresha moteri ya mazutu. Valve irinda ibice by'iyi sisitemu umuvuduko ukabije iyo moteri ikora vuba cyane. Imashini zikoresha moteri zikoresha amashanyarazi, zifite umuvuduko uhoraho wo gukora, muri rusange ntizikenera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 12-2025