Kutsatira Malamulo a NFPA 20 Kwakhala Kosavuta Pa Mapampu Ozimitsa Moto Otha Kutulutsa Madzi

Kukwaniritsa kutsatira NFPA 20 kumaonetsetsa kuti pampu yozimitsa moto ikugwira ntchito bwino panthawi yadzidzidzi. Zofunikira kwambiri pa muyezowu zimayang'ana mbali zinayi zofunika kwambiri kuti makina azigwira ntchito bwino.

·Kusankha Pampu Yoyenera

·Kukhazikitsa Kotetezeka

· Mphamvu Yodalirika

·Kuyesa ndi Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse

Bukuli limafotokoza momveka bwino miyezo yovutayi kukhala njira zomwe zingatheke. Limapereka kumveka bwino pakukhazikitsa ndi kusamaliramapampu otsekera kumapeto, kuthandiza malo kukhala okonzeka nthawi zonse.

Gawo 1: Kusankha Pumpu Yoyatsira Moto Yoyenera

Kusankha pampu yozimitsa moto yoyenera ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakutsata malamulo a NFPA 20. Pampuyo siyenera kungokwaniritsa zofunikira za hydraulic za makina oteteza moto komanso iyenera kukhala ndi ziphaso zoyenera ndikupangidwa ndi zipangizo zolimba. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti igwira ntchito momwe imayembekezeredwa panthawi yadzidzidzi yamoto.

Kutsimikizira Mndandanda wa UL ndi Kuvomerezedwa kwa FM

Satifiketi ya chipani chachitatu kuchokera ku Underwriters Laboratories (UL) ndi Factory Mutual (FM) Global imapereka chitsimikizo cha kudalirika ndi magwiridwe antchito a pampu. Oyang'anira malo amatha kutsimikizira satifiketi ya pampu kudzera mu njira yomveka bwino komanso ya magawo atatu:

1. Pemphani Zikalata kuchokera kwa Wopanga: Wopanga amapereka zikalata zovomerezeka zomwe zimafotokoza momwe chipangizo cha pampu chikuyendera mogwirizana ndi NFPA 20.

2. Tsimikizirani ndi Ma Database Ovomerezeka Pa intaneti: Onani manambala a chitsanzo ndi mafayilo omwe ali mu ma database apaintaneti a UL Product iQ kapena FM Approval Guide. Chitsanzo chomwe sichipezeka m'ma director awa sichinatsimikizidwe.

3. Yang'anani Zizindikiro za Pump Deta Plate: Mukatumiza, yang'anani dzina lokhazikika la pump kuti muwone chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha satifiketi, nambala ya chitsanzo, ndi deta ya magwiridwe antchito. Izi ziyenera kugwirizana ndi satifiketi ndi mndandanda wa pa intaneti.

Kumvetsetsa Mzere Wogwirira Ntchito wa Pampu

Mzere wozungulira wa pompu ndi graph yomwe imafotokoza momwe pompu imagwirira ntchito. NFPA 20 imafuna kuti pompu igwire ntchito bwino pa mfundo zitatu zofunika:

·Kuthamanga (0% Kuthamanga): Kuthamanga pamene pampu ikugwira ntchito popanda madzi kuyenda. Kuthamanga kotseka kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 101% mpaka 140% ya kuthamanga kovomerezeka kuti tipewe kuwononga zigawo za dongosolo.

·Kuyenda Koyesedwa (Kuyenda 100%): Malo opangidwira pomwe pampu imapereka magaloni ake oyesedwa pamphindi (GPM) pa mphamvu yoyesedwa.

·Kudzaza (Kuyenda kwa 150%): Pampu iyenera kupereka mphamvu zosachepera 65% ya mphamvu yake yovomerezeka pa 150% ya mphamvu yake yovomerezeka popanda kudzaza dalaivala wake (mota kapena injini).

Mphamvu ya mahatchi ya dalaivala iyenera kukhala yokwanira kuthana ndi kufunikira kwa pampu pamalo aliwonse ozungulira phirili.

Kugwirizanitsa Zipangizo Zomangira ndi Miyezo

NFPA 20 imatchula zinthu zolimba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zimakhala nthawi yayitali komanso kuti zisawonongeke msanga.mapampu otsekera kumapetoKawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi chivundikiro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi shaft yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri champhamvu kwambiri.

Chidziwitso cha Malo Owononga. Pa ntchito zokhudzana ndi madzi amchere kapena zakumwa zowononga, zipangizo wamba sizokwanira. NFPA 20 imalola zipangizo zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, mapampu opopera opopera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo a m'nyanja angagwiritse ntchito bronze, duplex stainless steel, kapena zokutira zapadera kuti asawonongeke ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino. Nthawi zonse funsani wopanga kuti akupatseni zinthu zoyenera kutengera komwe madzi akuchokera.

Gawo 2: Kukhazikitsa Kofunikira kwa Mapampu Otulutsa Ma Centrifugal Omaliza Kutulutsa

Pampu yosankhidwa bwino imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pokhazikitsa. Kukhazikitsa koyenera kwamapampu otsekera kumapetokuonetsetsa kuti makinawo ndi olimba, kuti ntchito yake ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, komanso kuti zinthu ziyende bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. NFPA 20 imafotokoza zofunikira zenizeni pa malo ogwirira ntchito, maziko, ndi mapaipi a pampu kuti igwire ntchito bwino panthawi yadzidzidzi.

Zofunikira pa Chipinda cha Pampu ndi Maziko

Malo a pampu ndi kapangidwe kake kothandizira ndizofunikira kwambiri pakutsata malamulo. Chipinda chopoperacho chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri kuti chiteteze zidazo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikupezeka mosavuta.

·Kapangidwe: Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala ndi zida zodzitetezera ku moto ndipo chilekanitsidwe ndi madera ena ndi zomangamanga zoyesedwa ndi moto.

·Kulowa: Kumafuna kulowa mwachindunji kuchokera kunja kwa nyumbayo kapena kudzera mu khonde loyendetsedwa ndi moto, ndi zitseko zazikulu zokwanira kusuntha zida.

·Chilengedwe: Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kosachepera 40°F (4°C) kuti chisaundane. Mapampu oyendetsedwa ndi dizilo amafunikanso njira zopumira bwino kuti achotse utsi wotulutsa utsi ndikupereka mpweya wokwanira woyaka.

Maziko a pampu ayenera kukhala olimba mokwanira kuti azitha kugwedezeka ndikupereka chithandizo cholimba. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi konkire wolimbikitsidwa ndipo ayenera kupangidwa kuti azinyamula kulemera konse kwa pampu ndi cholumikizira choyendetsera. Chidebe cha pansi pa pampu chimamangiriridwa ku maziko ndi mabotolo a nangula kenako nkudzazidwa ndi grout, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chimodzi cholimba chomwe chimaletsa kuyenda ndikusunga shaft yolumikizana.

Makonzedwe a Mapaipi Opopera ndi Kutulutsa

Kuyika mapaipi oyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa kutsekeka kwa mapaipi—vuto lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kupanikizika kochepa pamalo olowera madzi a pampu. NFPA 20 imapereka malamulo omveka bwino a dongosolo la mapaipi otsekereza:

·Chitoliro chokokera madzi chiyenera kukhala chachikulu ngati flange yokokera madzi ya pampu.

· Iyenera kukhala yaifupi komanso yolunjika momwe zingathere.

·Gawo lolunjika la chitoliro lofanana ndi mainchesi 10 kuposa mainchesi a chitolirocho liyenera kuyikidwa mwachindunji musanalowetse chopopera cha pampu kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka.

· Zigongono ndi zolumikizira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwedezeka ziyenera kupewedwa pafupi ndi malo olowera pampu.

Mapaipi otulutsira madzi ayeneranso kukhala ndi kukula koyenera komanso kuthandizidwa bwino kuti azitha kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha pampu. Mapaipi onse otulutsira madzi ndi otulutsira madzi a pampu yotulutsira madzi ayenera kuyikidwa kuti apewe kupsinjika pa chivundikiro cha pampu.

Ma Gauges ndi Ma Valves Othandizira Ofunikira

Zipangizo zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizira momwe pampu ikuyendera. NFPA 20 imafuna kuti pakhale ma pressure gauge m'mbali zonse ziwiri zokoka ndi zotulutsira mpweya za pampu. Ma pressure awa ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi ma flange a pampu kuti awerenge molondola kuthamanga kwa mpweya panthawi yoyesa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi Vavu Yaikulu Yothandizira Imafunika Liti? Vavu yaikulu yochepetsera kupanikizika nthawi zambiri siloledwa pa mapampu amoto oyendetsedwa ndi injini yamagetsi. Komabe, imafunika pa mapampu oyendetsedwa ndi injini ya dizilo ngati kupanikizika kwakukulu kungapitirire muyezo wa zigawo za makina. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati injini ikuyenda mofulumira kwambiri kapena ngati pali kupanikizika kwakukulu kosasunthika. Vavuyo ndi yayikulu malinga ndi matebulo a NFPA 20 ndipo imatsegulidwa kuti kupanikizika kwa makina kusakhale koopsa kwambiri.

Gawo 3: Kuonetsetsa Kuti Pali Mphamvu Yodalirika Yopereka Mphamvu ndi Chowongolera

A pompu yozimitsa motoimagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati ili ndi gwero lamagetsi lodalirika komanso wowongolera wanzeru kuti ayatse. NFPA 20 imakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima amagetsi ndi makina omwe amathandizira pampu yozimitsa moto, kuonetsetsa kuti ikuyenda bwino nthawi yadzidzidzi. Zofunikira izi zimasiyana kutengera ngati pampu imagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi kapena woyendetsa injini ya dizilo.

Kutsatira Malamulo a Oyendetsa Magalimoto Amagetsi

Mapampu oyendetsedwa ndi injini yamagetsi amafunikira gwero lamphamvu komanso lodzipereka lamagetsi. Mphamvu imeneyi iyenera kuchokera ku kulumikizana kodalirika kwamagetsi kapena malo opangira magetsi pamalopo. Mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kukhala yosiyana ndi makina amagetsi a nyumbayo kuti isasokonezedwe. Mawaya ndi machubu onse ayenera kutetezedwa ku kuwonongeka ndi moto. Mwachitsanzo, zingwe zotumizira nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa kunja kwa nyumbayo kapena kuyikidwa mu simenti ya mainchesi awiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino.

Kutsika kwa Volti Ndikofunikira Mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuti igwire ntchito yokhudza mphamvu ya injini panthawi yoyambira. NFPA 20 imalola kutsika kwa voti osapitirira 15% pamene injini ikuyamba komanso osapitirira 5% pamene ikugwira ntchito mokwanira.

Kutsatira Malamulo a Oyendetsa Injini ya Dizilo

Mainjini a dizilo amapereka mphamvu yokha koma amafunikira njira zawo zothandizira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi mafuta. Thanki yamafuta yomwe ili pamalopo iyenera kukhala ndi dizilo yokwanira kuti igwire ntchito pampu kwa nthawi yayitali, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawerengedwa ngati galoni imodzi pa mphamvu ya akavalo, kuphatikiza voliyumu yowonjezera ya 10% kuti igwire ntchito komanso ikule. Injiniyo imafunikanso njira yoziziritsira yokha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira kutentha chomwe chimazungulira madzi kuchokera mumpweya wa pampu kuti injini isatenthe kwambiri. Mpweya wabwino ndi wofunikiranso kuti mpweya wabwino uyake komanso kutulutsa utsi wotuluka kunja kwa chipinda cha pampu.

Zofotokozera za Wowongolera Pampu Yozimitsa Moto

Chowongolera pampu yozimitsa moto ndi ubongo wa dongosolo, womwe umayang'anira kuyambitsa pampu yokha ikazindikira kutsika kwa kuthamanga. Chowongoleracho chiyenera kukhala m'chipinda chomwecho ndi pampu ndipo chizitha kupezeka mosavuta. NFPA 20 imafuna kuti chowongolera chiziyang'anira ndikuwonetsa zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri pamalo akutali. Ma alamu ofunikira oyang'aniridwa ndi awa:

·Pampu ikuyenda

· Kutaya mphamvu yoyambira

·Kusintha kwa gawo (kwa ma mota amagetsi)

· Mavuto a injini kapena mafuta ochepa (a injini za dizilo)

Ma alamu akutali awa amatsimikizira kuti ogwira ntchito m'nyumba amadziwa nthawi yomweyo momwe makinawo alili, kaya akugwira ntchito bwino kapena akufunika chisamaliro.

Gawo 4: Kuyesa Kuvomereza ndi Kusamalira Kopitilira

Dongosolo logwiritsa ntchito pampu yozimitsa moto limafuna kutsimikiziridwa kuti likugwira ntchito bwino mukakhazikitsa ndi kuisamalira nthawi zonse kuti litsimikizire kuti ndi lokonzeka. Kuyesa kovomerezeka kumatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa koyamba, pomwe nthawi yosamalira nthawi zonse imasunga umphumphu wa pampu kwa zaka zikubwerazi.

Njira Yoyesera Kuvomerezeka kwa Munda

Kuyesa kovomerezeka kwa malo ndi chitsimikizo chomaliza chomwe makina opopera moto amachita monga momwe adapangidwira. Kuyesa kofunikira kumeneku kumachitika ndi antchito oyenerera, omwe angaphatikizepo woimira wopanga, kontrakitala woteteza moto, ndi Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Pa nthawi yoyesa, akatswiri amalemba kupsinjika kwa pampu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pampu iyenera kukwaniritsa kapena kupitirira magwiridwe antchito omwe awonetsedwa pa shopu yake yovomerezeka pazifukwa zitatu zofunika: kusakhala ndi madzi (churn), kuyenda koyesedwa (100%), ndi kuyenda kothamanga (150%). Pa mapampu okhala ndi zowongolera zosinthasintha za liwiro, kuyesa kumawonjezeka kuti kuphatikizepo miyeso ya 25%, 50%, 75%, ndi 125% ya mphamvu yoyesedwa.

Mndandanda wa Mayeso Oyendera Sabata ndi Chaka

Kuwunika nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti zitsatire malamulo ndi kudalirika.

·Mayeso a Sabata Iliyonse a “No-Flow”: Ogwira ntchito m'malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kuyendetsa pampu kwa mphindi zosachepera 10 sabata iliyonse popanda madzi otuluka. Pamayeso awa, amalemba mphamvu zoyambira, zokoka, ndi zotulutsa. Amawonanso phokoso losazolowereka, kugwedezeka, kapena kutentha kwambiri m'chikwama cha pampu ndi mabearing. Ma gland opakira pampu ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti awone ngati pali kutayikira koyenera, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kudontha pang'onopang'ono kuti zitsimikizire kuti mafuta akuyenda bwino.

·Mayeso a "Full-Full-Full" a pachaka: Katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito ayenera kuchita mayeso okwana chaka chilichonse. Mayesowa amayesa momwe pampu imagwirira ntchito pa mpweya wopanda madzi, womwe ndi wochepa, komanso 150% ya mphamvu yake yogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera. Katswiriyu amalemba deta yonse yosaphika, kuphatikizapo kupanikizika, kuchuluka kwa madzi, magetsi, ndi amperage, poyerekeza zotsatira zake ndi mayeso am'mbuyomu kuti adziwe kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa ntchito.

Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri Zosamalira Moyo Wautali

Kukonza mwachangu kumateteza kulephera kosayembekezereka ndipo kumawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya pampu. Ntchito ziwiri zofunika kwambiri ndi kudzola mafuta ndi kukonza kulongedza.

Malangizo Abwino: Mafuta Opaka ndi Kupaka Zambirimapampu oyatsira moto kumapetoGwiritsani ntchito ma bearing opaka mafuta. Malangizo a wopanga amalamula nthawi yothira mafuta kutengera kukula kwa ma bearing ndi maola ogwirira ntchito. Akatswiri ayeneranso kuyang'ana kulongedza kwa pampu nthawi ya sabata. Kusintha koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti pamakhala kutayikira pang'ono kuti kuziziritse ndi kudzola mafuta, kupewa kuwonongeka msanga. Kulongedzanso kumakhala kofunikira pokhapokha ngati gland silingathenso kusinthidwa kuti liwongolere kutayikira.

Ulendo wotsatira malamulo a malo umadalira pa mizati inayi: Kusankha Koyenera, Kukhazikitsa Koyenera, Mphamvu Yodalirika, ndi Kuyesa Kawirikawiri. Kutsatira malamulo kumaletsa kulephera kobwerezabwereza kwa kuwunika, monga zotsatira zoyipa za mayeso oyendera kapena ma gauge osatheka kufikika.

Mndandanda Womaliza Wotsatira Malamulo

· Pampu yalembedwa pa UL/FM.

·Kugwira ntchito kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu ya 150%.

· Mapaipi ali ndi kukula koyenera.

· Gwero la mphamvu ndi lodzipereka komanso lodalirika.

· Mayeso onse ofunikira amachitidwa.

Kunyalanyaza njira izi kungayambitse chindapusa chachikulu cha milandu komanso kukanidwa kwa ma inshuwaransi. Oyang'anira malo ayenera nthawi zonse kufunsa kope laposachedwa la NFPA 20, lomwe limasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, komanso katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito monga injiniya wodziwa bwino ntchito yoteteza moto kuti atsimikizire kuti ali otetezeka komanso akutsatira malamulo onse.

FAQ

N’chifukwa chiyani lamulo la mapaipi 10-diameter la poyatsira mapaipi ndilofunika kwambiri?

Lamuloli limatsimikizira kuti madzi akuyenda bwino komanso osagwedezeka mu pampu. Kugwedezeka kungayambitse kutsekeka kwa mphuno, vuto lomwe limawononga impeller ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito. Kutsatira muyezo uwu kumateteza zidazo ndikutsimikizira kudalirika panthawi yadzidzidzi.

Kodi pampu yoyamwitsa yachizolowezi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poika madzi amchere?

Mapampu wamba amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka ndi madzi amchere.NFPA 20imafuna zipangizo zapadera, zosagwira dzimbiri m'malo awa. Opanga otsogola monga TONGKE amapereka mapampu omangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha bronze kapena duplex makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'madzi ndi madzi ena ovuta, kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yayitali komanso kuti zinthu zikugwirizana ndi malamulo.

Kodi cholinga cha mayeso a sabata iliyonse a "osatuluka" ndi chiyani?

Kuyesa kwa sabata iliyonse kumatsimikizira kuti pampuyo ndi yokonzeka popanda madzi ambiri. Kumatsimikizira kuti pampuyo yayamba bwino ndipo kumalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi, kugwedezeka kosazolowereka, kapena kutentha kwambiri. Kuwunika kosavuta kumeneku ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonza mwachangu komanso kutsatira malamulo a NFPA 20.

Kodi pampu iliyonse yozimitsa moto imafunika valavu yothandizira kupanikizika?

Vavu yothandiza kwambiri nthawi zambiri imafunika pa mapampu oyendetsedwa ndi injini ya dizilo okha. Vavuyi imateteza zigawo za dongosolo ku kupsinjika kwakukulu ngati injini ikuyenda mofulumira kwambiri. Mapampu oyendetsedwa ndi injini yamagetsi, omwe ali ndi liwiro losasinthasintha, nthawi zambiri safuna imodzi.