Uketshezi Oluvamile Lokupompa
Amanzi ahlanzekile
Ukuze kuhlanganiswe wonke amajika okuhlola iphampu esisekelweni esifanayo, izici zephampu zisekelwe emanzini acwebile ekushiseni okuzungezile (ngokuvamile okungu-15℃) ngobuningi obungu-1000 kg/m³.
Izinto ezivame kakhulu zokwakha amanzi ahlanzekile ukwakhiwa kwensimbi ephonswe noma i-cast iron casing efakwe izinto zangaphakathi zethusi, Uma upompa amanzi ahlanzekile, noma amanzi achazwa kangcono njengangathathi hlangothi anomhubhe othize ongu-1 ongenazo izinto eziqinile,amaphampu okufutha okugcinakanye nokuvundlileamaphampu e-casing ahlukanisiwezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Uma kudingeka amakhanda okukhipha amanzi amaningi, kusetshenziswa amaphampu anjengezigaba eziningi.
Uma abaklami belinganiselwe isikhala sendlu yephampu, kusetshenziswa amayunithi aqondile noma amaphampu ohlobo lokugeleza okuxubile, i-axial noma i-turbine.
Amanzi olwandle njengendlela yokubhubhisa
Amanzi olwandle anokuqukethwe kukasawoti okuphelele okungaba ngu-25 g/ℓ. Cishe u-75% wokuqukethwe kukasawoti yi-sodium chloride NaCl. Inani le-pH lamanzi olwandle livame ukuba phakathi kuka-7,5 no-8,3. Ngokulingana nomoya, okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo ku-15℃ kungaba ngu-8 mg/ℓ.
Amanzi olwandle akhishwe igesi
Ezimweni ezithile, amanzi olwandle akhishwa igesi ngamakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ulaka luyancipha kakhulu. Endabeni yokukhishwa kwegesi ngamakhemikhali, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi kuthatha isikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umsebenzi wokukhishwa kwegesi, okungukuthi ukususwa komoya-mpilo, uqedwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba amanzi olwandle angene empompini.
Kumelwe kuqashelwe lapho kusebenza - umoya ungaba khona ngokungena komoya. Ngisho noma ukungena kunqunyelwe isikhathi, umonakalo ezintweni ungavela ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile uma ukuba khona komoya-mpilo kungacatshangwa lapho kukhethwa izinto. Uma ukungena komoya-mpilo kungenakuvinjelwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwephampu, ngokuvamile kumelwe kucatshangwe ukuthi amanzi olwandle aqukethe umoya-mpilo.
Amanzi anosawoti
Igama elithi 'amanzi anosawoti' lisho ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile angcoliswe kakhulu ngamanzi olwandle. Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwezinto, kusebenza iziqondiso ezifanayo zokuthuthwa kwamanzi anosawoti njengoba kunjalo nangamanzi olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi anosawoti avame ukuqukethe i-ammonia kanye/noma i-hydrogen sulphide. Ngisho nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-hydrogen sulphide, okungukuthi endaweni yama-milligram ambalwa ngelitha, kubangela ukwanda okukhulu kolaka.
Amanzi olwandle avela emithonjeni engaphansi komhlaba
Amanzi anosawoti avela emithonjeni engaphansi komhlaba avame ukuba nosawoti omningi kakhulu kunamanzi olwandle, ngokuvamile angaba ngu-30%, okungukuthi ngaphansi komkhawulo wokuncibilika. Nalapha futhi, usawoti ovamile yiwona oyinhloko. Inani le-pH livame ukuba phansi uma liqhathaniswa (lize lifinyelele cishe ku-4), okungukuthi amanzi ane-asidi eningi. Nakuba okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kuphansi kakhulu noma kungekho nhlobo, okuqukethwe kwe-H₂S kungaba ngama-milligram angamakhulu ambalwa ngelitha.
Izixazululo ezinjalo zikasawoti ezine-asidi eziqukethe i-H₂S zingcolisa kakhulu futhi zidinga izinto ezikhethekile.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kukasawoti omningi kanye nezimo zokusebenza, umuntu kufanele alindele izinga elithile lokuna kwesawoti. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphikisa maqondana nomklamo, ukusebenza kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha.
Ukugqwala emanzini olwandle
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo azigcini nje ngokukhombisa ukumelana okuphezulu nokugqwala okufanayo, kodwa futhi nokugqwala kwendawo ikakhulukazi ukugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokugqwala. Izehlakalo ezinjalo zokugqwala ziyenzeka ikakhulukazi ngama-ferro alloys azishintshayo (izinsimbi ezingagqwali). Amaphampu abizwa ngokuthi 'okulindile', asebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, asengozini yokugqwala; ukugcwala ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvala noma ukuqala ngezikhathi ezithile kubhekwa njengenzuzo.
Okuhlukahlukeneiphampu yamanzi olwandleizingxenye kufanele zenziwe ngezinto zohlobo olufanayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala kwe-galvanic. Umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezinto ngazinye kufanele ube phansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma izinto ezingafani kufanele zisetshenziswe ngezizathu zokuklama, ubuso bensimbi engeyinhle kangako ethintana namanzi kufanele bube bukhulu uma buqhathaniswa nobensimbi engenhle. Isibalo 5 sinikeza ulwazi ngengozi yokugqwala kwe-galvanic lapho kuhlanganiswa izinto zohlobo oluhlukile.
Ijubane eliphezulu lingaholela ekugugulekeni kokuguguleka. Imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu, lapho i-medium iba namandla kakhulu, futhi ijubane layo liphakama. Ngenkathi izinga lokugeleza lithinta ukuziphatha kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali kanye ne-nickel alloys ngezinga elincane kuphela, isikhundla siyaguqulwa lapho kuhileleke khona izinto ze-ferrous ezingaxutshiwe kanye ne-alloys zethusi. Isibalo 6 sinikeza ulwazi olusezingeni eliphezulu ngethonya lamazinga okugeleza. Kufanele kucatshangelwe kahle ngalokho ukuthi i-medium iqukethe i-oxygen noma i-H₂S. Inani elikhulu le-H₂S livame ukukhipha ukuba khona kwe-oxygen; ezimweni ezinjalo, i-medium i-acidity kancane, ifinyelela ku-pH engu-4.
Ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ithebula 1 lenza izincomo zezinto zokupompa noma ukuhlanganiswa kwazo. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela, ulwazi olulandelayo lusebenza emanzini olwandle angenawo okuqukethwe yi-H₂S.
Insimbi engaxutshwe nensimbi ephonswe
Insimbi engaxutshwe nalutho ayifaneleki emanzini olwandle, ngaphandle kokuthi inikezwe isembozo esivikelayo esifanele. Insimbi exutshwe nalutho ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma ijubane liphansi (kungenzeka kuma-casing); kulokhu kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuvikelwa okuvamile kwe-cathodic kwezinye izingxenye zangaphakathi.
Ama-Austenitic Ni-castings
I-Ni-Resist 1 kanye ne-2 zilungele kuphela ijubane eliphakathi nendawo (kufika cishe ku-20 m/s).
Ukugqwala kwe-Galvanic Emanzini Olwandle Ku-5-30℃
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-11-2025