Inkcazo ngokubanzi
Ulwelo, njengoko igama lisitsho, luphawulwa ngamandla alo okuhamba. Lwahlukile kwi-solid kuba lunokuguquguquka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokucheba, nokuba uxinzelelo lokucheba luncinci kangakanani na. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kufuneka kudlule ixesha elaneleyo ukuze utshintsho lwenzeke. Ngale ndlela ulwelo alunasimo.
Ulwelo lunokwahlulwa lube lulwelo kunye neegesi. Ulwelo lunokucinezeleka kancinci kwaye kukho umphezulu okhululekileyo xa lubekwe kwisitya esivulekileyo. Kwelinye icala, igesi isoloko isanda ukuze izalise isitya sayo. Umphunga yigesi ekufutshane nemeko yolwelo.
Ulwelo olujongwa kakhulu yinjineli ngamanzi. Lunokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwisithathu ekhulwini somoya kwisisombululo esithi xa uxinzelelo lungaphantsi komoya lukhutshwe. Kufuneka kwenziwe amalungiselelo oku xa kusenziwa iimpompo, iivalvu, iipayipi, njl.njl.
Injini yedizili I-Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water I-Drainage Pump Olu hlobo lwe-vertical drainage pump lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekupompeni ngaphandle kokubola, ubushushu bungaphantsi kwama-60 °C, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo (ngaphandle kwefayibha, iigrits) ngaphantsi kwe-150 mg/L yomxholo we-lindle okanye amanzi amdaka. I-VTP type vertical drainage pump ikwi-VTP type vertical water pumps, kwaye ngokusekelwe ekunyukeni kunye nekhola, i-tube lubrication ibekwe ngamanzi. Ingatshaya ubushushu obungaphantsi kwama-60 °C, ithumele ukuba iqulathe ingqolowa ethile eqinileyo (njenge-crap iron kunye nesanti entle, amalahle, njl.njl.) ye-lindle okanye amanzi amdaka.
Iimpawu eziphambili zomzimba zolwelo zichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Uxinano (ρ)
Uxinano lolwelo bubunzima balo ngeyunithi yomthamo. Kwinkqubo ye-SI luchazwa njenge-kg/m3.
Amanzi axinene kakhulu kwi-1000 kg/m23kwi-4°C. Kukho ukwehla okuncinci koxinano xa ubushushu busanda kodwa ngeenjongo ezisebenzayo uxinano lwamanzi yi-1000 kg/m23.
Uxinano oluhambelanayo luyi-ratio yoxinano lolwelo nolwamanzi.
Ubunzima obuthile (w)
Ubunzima obuthile bolwelo bubunzima balo ngeyunithi nganye yomthamo. Kwinkqubo ye-Si, ibonakaliswa nge-N/m3Kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo, i-w yi-9810 N/m3okanye i-9,81 kN/m3(malunga ne-10 kN/m3 ukuze kube lula ukubala).
Umxhuzulane othile (SG)
Ubunzima obuthile bolwelo bumlinganiselo wobunzima bomthamo othile wolwelo nobunzima bomthamo ofanayo wamanzi. Ngoko ke ikwangumlinganiselo wobuninzi bolwelo nobunzima bamanzi acocekileyo, ngesiqhelo onke akwi-15°C.
Impompo yokuprima amanzi equla
Inombolo yoMzekelo: TWP
Iimpompo zamanzi ze-TWP ezizitshixayo zenjini yedizili ezizitshixayo ze-Wellpoint zenzelwe ungxamiseko yi-DRAKOS PUMP yaseSingapore kunye nenkampani ye-REEOFLO yaseJamani. Olu luhlu lwempompo lunokuthutha zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ezicocekileyo, ezingathathi cala nezirhabaxa eziqulethe amasuntswana. Sombulula iimpazamo ezininzi zempompo ezizitshixayo zemveli. Olu hlobo lwempompo ezizitshixayo luyinkqubo yokusebenza eyomileyo engaqhelekanga kwaye luza kuqala ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kolwelo ekuqaleni, intloko yokufunxa inokuba ngaphezulu kwe-9 m; Uyilo oluhle kakhulu lwe-hydraulic kunye nesakhiwo esikhethekileyo sigcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kungaphezulu kwe-75%. Kwaye ukufakelwa kwesakhiwo okwahlukileyo kokuzikhethela.
Imodulus yobuninzi (k)
okanye ngeenjongo ezisebenzayo, ulwelo lunokuthathwa njengolungacinezelekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezithile, ezinje ngokuhamba okungazinzanga kwimibhobho, apho ukucinezeleka kufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Imodulus enkulu ye-elasticity,k, inikwa ngu:
apho u-p kukunyuka koxinzelelo oluthi, xa lusetyenziswa kumthamo u-V, lubangele ukwehla komthamo u-AV. Ekubeni ukwehla komthamo kufuneka kunxulunyaniswe nokunyuka okulinganayo koxinano, iSilinganiso 1 singachazwa ngolu hlobo:
okanye amanzi,k imalunga ne-2 150 MPa kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanzi acinezeleka ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kunentsimbi.
Ulwelo olufanelekileyo
Ulwelo olugqibeleleyo okanye olugqibeleleyo lolo apho kungekho xinzelelo lwe-tangential okanye i-shear phakathi kwamasuntswana olwelo. Amandla ahlala esebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwicandelo elithile kwaye anqunyelwe kuxinzelelo kunye namandla okukhawulezisa. Akukho fluid yokwenyani ehambelana ngokupheleleyo nale ngcamango, kwaye kuzo zonke ii-fluids ezihambayo kukho uxinzelelo lwe-tangential olukhoyo olunefuthe lokudambisa intshukumo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-liquids, kuquka namanzi, zikufutshane nolwelo olufanelekileyo, kwaye le ngcinga ilula yenza ukuba iindlela zezibalo okanye zemizobo zisetyenziswe kwisisombululo seengxaki ezithile zokuhamba.
Impompo yoMlilo yeTurbine ethe nkqo
Inombolo yoMzekelo: XBC-VTP
Iimpompo zokulwa umlilo ezinde ezithe nkqo ze-XBC-VTP Series ziluhlu lweempompo ze-diffusers zesigaba esinye, ezinezigaba ezininzi, ezenziwe ngokuhambelana neNational Standard GB6245-2006 yamva nje. Sikwaphucule uyilo ngokubhekisa kumgangatho we-United States Fire Protection Association. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kubonelelo lwamanzi omlilo kwi-petrochemical, igesi yendalo, isikhululo samandla, ilaphu lekotoni, izibuko leenqanawa, inqwelomoya, iindawo zokugcina impahla, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye namanye amashishini. Ingasebenza nakwimikhumbi, itanki yolwandle, inqanawa yomlilo kunye neminye imicimbi yobonelelo.
Ukuqaqamba
Ubunzima bolwelo buyindlela yokulinganisa ukumelana kwalo noxinzelelo lwe-tangential okanye lwe-shear. Luvela kunxibelelwano kunye nokuhlangana kwee-molecules zolwelo. Zonke ii-real fluids zine-viscosity, nangona zingamaqondo ahlukeneyo. Uxinzelelo lwe-shear kwi-solid luhambelana noxinzelelo ngelixa uxinzelelo lwe-shear kwi-fluid luhambelana nesantya soxinzelelo lwe-shear. Oku kulandela ukuba akunakubakho xinzelelo lwe-shear kwi-fluid ephumlileyo.
Umfanekiso 1. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Viscous
Cinga ngolwelo oluvalekileyo phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini ezikumgama omfutshane kakhulu ukusuka komnye (Umzobo 1). Ipleyiti esezantsi ayimi ngelixa ipleyiti ephezulu ihamba ngesantya v. Intshukumo yolwelo ithathwa njengeyenzeka kuthotho lweeleya ezincinci okanye iilaminae, ezikhululekileyo ukutyibilika enye phezu kwenye. Akukho cross-flow okanye turbulence. Umaleko okufutshane nepleyiti emileyo uphumle ngelixa umaleko okufutshane nepleyiti eshukumayo unesantya v. Isantya soxinzelelo lokucheba okanye isantya sokutshintsha yi-dv/dy. I-dynamic viscosity okanye, ngokulula ngakumbi, i-viscosity μ inikwa yi
Lo nto:
Eli binzana loxinzelelo oluxineneyo laqala lachazwa nguNewton kwaye laziwa ngokuba yi-equation of viscosity kaNewton. Phantse zonke ii-fluids zine-coefficient engaguqukiyo yokulingana kwaye zibizwa ngokuba zii-Newtonian fluids.
Umzobo 2. Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lokucheba kunye nesantya soxinzelelo lokucheba.
Umfanekiso 2 ngumfanekiso ocacileyo weSilinganiso 3 kwaye ubonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo phantsi koxinzelelo lokucheba.
Ukubonakala kwe-viscosity kubonakaliswa kwii-centipoises (ii-Pa.s okanye ii-Ns/m2).
Kwiingxaki ezininzi malunga nokuhamba kolwelo, i-viscosity ibonakala ngoxinano olukwimo ye-μ/p (ngaphandle kwamandla) kwaye kulula ukusebenzisa igama elinye elithi v, elaziwa ngokuba yi-kinematic viscosity.
Ixabiso le-ν kwioyile enzima linokuba phezulu njenge-900 x 10-6m2/s, ngelixa emanzini, ane-viscosity ephantsi, yi-1,14 x 10?m2/s kuphela kwi-15° C. I-kinematic viscosity yolwelo iyancipha xa ubushushu busanda. Kubushushu begumbi, i-kinematic viscosity yomoya iphantse ibe li-13 ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Uxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye nokuqina kwe-capillarity
Phawula:
Ubumbano luphawu lokutsalana kwee-molecule ezifanayo.
Ukunamathela kukutsalana kwee-molecules ezahlukeneyo.
Uxinzelelo lomphezulu yimpahla ebonakalayo evumela ukuba ithontsi lamanzi libanjwe lixhonywe kwimpompo, isitya sizaliswe lulwelo ngaphezulu kancinci komphetho kodwa singachitheki okanye inaliti idada phezu komphezulu wolwelo. Zonke ezi zinto zibangelwa kukudibana phakathi kweemolekyuli kumphezulu wolwelo oludibana nolunye ulwelo olungaxutywanga okanye igesi. Kufana nokuba umphezulu uqulathe i-membrane elastiki, ecinezelwe ngokulinganayo, ehlala isenza indawo engaphezulu inciphe. Ngaloo ndlela sifumanisa ukuba amaqamza egesi kulwelo kunye namathontsi okufuma emoyeni amalunga nesangqa.
Amandla oxinzelelo lomphezulu kuyo nayiphi na imigca ecingelwayo kumphezulu okhululekileyo alingana nobude bomgca kwaye asebenza kwicala elithe nkqo kuwo. Uxinzelelo lomphezulu ngeyunithi ubude bubonakaliswa kwi-mN/m. Ubukhulu bawo buncinci kakhulu, bumalunga ne-73 mN/m kumanzi adibana nomoya kubushushu begumbi. Kukho ukwehla okuncinci kwamashumi omphezulu.iiqhubeka nokunyuka kobushushu.
Kwiindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kwi-hydraulics, uxinzelelo lomphezulu alubalulekanga kangako kuba amandla anxulumene nawo aqhele ukuba mancinci xa ethelekiswa namandla e-hydrostatic kunye ne-dynamic. Uxinzelelo lomphezulu lubaluleka kuphela apho kukho umphezulu okhululekileyo kwaye ubukhulu bomda buncinci. Ngoko ke kwimeko yeemodeli ze-hydraulic, iziphumo zoxinzelelo lomphezulu, ezingabalulekanga kwi-prototype, zinokuchaphazela indlela yokuziphatha kokuhamba kombane kwimodeli, kwaye lo mthombo wempazamo ekulinganiseni kufuneka uqwalaselwe xa kutolikwa iziphumo.
Iziphumo zoxinzelelo lomphezulu zibonakala kakhulu kwimeko yeetyhubhu zomngxuma omncinci ovulekele emoyeni. Ezi zinokuthatha uhlobo lweetyhubhu ze-manometer kwilebhu okanye iimbobo ezivulekileyo emhlabeni. Umzekelo, xa ityhubhu encinci yeglasi ityibilikiswa emanzini, kuya kufunyaniswa ukuba amanzi anyuka ngaphakathi kwityhubhu, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umphezulu wamanzi kwityhubhu, okanye i-meniscus njengoko ibizwa njalo, ugobile phezulu. Le nto yaziwa ngokuba yi-capillarity, kwaye unxibelelwano olucacileyo phakathi kwamanzi neglasi lubonisa ukuba umanyano lwangaphakathi lwamanzi lungaphantsi kokunamathelana phakathi kwamanzi neglasi. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ekufutshane nomphezulu okhululekileyo lungaphantsi komoya.
Umfanekiso 3. Ubungakanani be-Capillarity
I-Mercury iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3(b). Ekubeni amandla okubambisana aphezulu kuneemandla okunamathela, i-engile yoqhagamshelwano inkulu kwaye i-meniscus inobuso obujijekileyo emoyeni kwaye iphantsi. Uxinzelelo olukufutshane nomphezulu okhululekileyo lukhulu kune-atmospheric.
Iziphumo ze-capillarity kwi-manometers nakwiiglasi ze-gauge zinokuthintelwa ngokusebenzisa iityhubhu ezingaphantsi kwe-10 mm ububanzi.
Ipompo yokuya eManzini oLwandle iCentrifugal
Inombolo yoMzekelo: ASN ASNV
Iimpompo ze-ASN kunye ne-ASNV zeModeli ziimpompo ze-centrifugal zesigaba esinye kunye nezothutho olusetyenzisiweyo okanye olululwelo kwimisebenzi yamanzi, ukujikeleza komoya opholileyo, isakhiwo, ukunkcenkceshela, isikhululo sempompo yokukhupha amanzi, isikhululo samandla ombane, inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, inkqubo yokulwa nomlilo, iinqanawa, izakhiwo njalo njalo.
Uxinzelelo lomphunga
Iimolekyuli ezingamanzi ezinamandla aneleyo e-kinetic ziphuma emzimbeni oyintloko wolwelo kumphezulu walo okhululekileyo zize zidlulele kumphunga. Uxinzelelo olukhutshwa yile mphunga lwaziwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lomphunga, P,. Ukunyuka kobushushu kunxulunyaniswa nokushukuma okukhulu kweemolekyuli kwaye ngaloo ndlela kunyuke uxinzelelo lomphunga. Xa uxinzelelo lomphunga lulingana noxinzelelo lwegesi engaphezulu kwalo, ulwelo luyabila. Uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi kwi-15°C yi-1,72 kPa(1,72 kN/m2).2).
Uxinzelelo lomoya
Uxinzelelo lomoya kumphezulu womhlaba lulinganiswa yi-barometer. Kumgangatho wolwandle uxinzelelo lomoya luyi-101 kPa kwaye lulinganiswa ngolu xabiso. Kukho ukwehla koxinzelelo lomoya xa kufikwa kukuphakama; umzekelo, kwi-1 500m incitshiswa ibe yi-88 kPa. Ikholamu yamanzi elingana nayo inokuphakama kwe-10,3 m kwinqanaba lolwandle, kwaye idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-water barometer. Ukuphakama kucingelwa ukuba, kuba uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi luya kuthintela ukufunyanwa kwe-vacuum epheleleyo. I-Mercury lulwelo lwe-barometric oluphezulu kakhulu, kuba lunoxinzelelo lomphunga oluncinci. Kwakhona, uxinano lwayo oluphezulu lubangela ikholamu enokuphakama okufanelekileyo - malunga ne-0,75 m kwinqanaba lolwandle.
Njengoko uninzi lweengcinezelo ezifunyanwa kwii-hydraulics zingaphezulu koxinzelelo lomoya kwaye zilinganiswa ngezixhobo ezirekhodayo, kulula ukuqaphela uxinzelelo lomoya njenge-datum, oko kukuthi i-zero. Iingcinezelo zibizwa ngokuba zii-gauge pressures xa zingaphezulu komoya kwaye ii-vacuum pressures xa zingaphantsi kwayo. Ukuba uxinzelelo oluyi-zero oluyinyani luthathwa njenge-datum, uxinzelelo kuthiwa luphelele. KwiSahluko sesi-5 apho kuxoxwa khona nge-NPSH, onke amanani achazwa ngokwe-absolute water barometer, i-iesea level = 0 bar gauge = 1 bar absolute = 101 kPa=10,3 m water.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-20-2024