Madzi Omwe Amapopera Kawirikawiri
Madzi oyera
Kuti ma curve onse oyesera pampu agwirizane, makhalidwe a pampu amachokera pa madzi oyera pa kutentha kozungulira (nthawi zambiri 15℃) okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 1000 kg/m³.
Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zomangira madzi oyera ndi zomangira zonse zachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi zitsulo zamkuwa, Mukapompa madzi oyera, kapena madzi omwe amafotokozedwa bwino ngati osalowerera ndale okhala ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 1 popanda zinthu zolimba,mapampu opopera opoperandi yopingasamapampu ogawanika a casingamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakafunika mitu yotulutsa madzi ambiri, mapampu amtundu wa masitepe ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pamene opanga makina ali ndi malo ochepa pa nyumba ya pampu, mayunitsi oyima a mapampu osakanikirana, a axial kapena turbine amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Madzi a m'nyanja ngati njira yowononga
Madzi a m'nyanja ali ndi mchere wokwanira pafupifupi 25 g/ℓ. Pafupifupi 75% ya mcherewo ndi sodium chloride NaCl. pH-value ya madzi a m'nyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 7,5 ndi 8,3. Mogwirizana ndi mlengalenga, mpweya wokwanira pa 15℃ ndi pafupifupi 8 mg/ℓ.
Madzi a m'nyanja ochotsedwa mpweya
Nthawi zina, madzi a m'nyanja amachotsedwa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena thupi. Chifukwa cha izi, mphamvu ya ukali imachepa kwambiri. Pankhani ya kuchotsa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kuchotsa mpweya kumatenga nthawi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito yochotsa mpweya, mwachitsanzo kuchotsa mpweya, ithe mokwanira madzi a m'nyanja asanalowe mu pampu.
Kusamala kuyenera kuchitika pakugwira ntchito - mpweya ungalowe kudzera mu mpweya wolowa. Ngakhale kuti mpweya wolowa umakhala wochepa nthawi yake, kuwonongeka kwa zinthuzo kungachitike mwachangu ngati mpweya sunaganizidwe pamene zinthuzo zasankhidwa. Ngati mpweya wolowa sungathe kuchotsedwa panthawi yogwira ntchito ya pampu, nthawi zambiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti madzi a m'nyanja ali ndi mpweya.
Madzi akuda
Mawu akuti 'madzi amchere' amatanthauza madzi abwino omwe ali ndi madzi a m'nyanja omwe ali ndi poizoni wambiri. Ponena za kusankha zinthu, malangizo omwewo amagwiranso ntchito ponyamula madzi amchere monga momwe amachitira madzi a m'nyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi amchere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ammonia ndi/kapena hydrogen sulfide. Ngakhale hydrogen sulfide yochepa, mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi mamiligalamu ochepa pa lita imodzi, imayambitsa kukwiya kwakukulu.
Madzi a m'nyanja ochokera pansi pa nthaka
Madzi amchere ochokera pansi pa nthaka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mchere wambiri kuposa madzi a m'nyanja, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 30%, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa malire a kusungunuka. Apanso, mchere wamba ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka. pH nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika (mpaka pafupifupi 4), mwachitsanzo, madziwo ndi acid. Ngakhale kuti mpweya uli wochepa kwambiri kapena palibe, H₂S ikhoza kukhala ma milligram mazana angapo pa lita imodzi.
Mayankho a mchere otere okhala ndi asidi okhala ndi H₂S ndi owononga kwambiri ndipo amafuna zipangizo zapadera.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchere komanso kutengera momwe ntchito ikuyendera, munthu ayenera kuyembekezera kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umapezeka. Pazochitika zotere, njira zoyenera zotsutsira ziyenera kutengedwa pankhani ya kapangidwe, ntchito ndi kusankha zinthu.
Kudzikundikira kwa madzi m'nyanja
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito sizimangosonyeza kukana dzimbiri kokwanira, komanso zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri la m'deralo makamaka zitoliro za m'ming'alu ndi ming'alu. Kutupa kotereku kumachitika makamaka ndi zitsulo zodzipangira zokha (zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri). Mapampu otchedwa 'standby', omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi, amakhala pachiwopsezo cha dzimbiri loyima; kusefukira ndi madzi abwino nthawi yotseka kapena kuyambitsa nthawi ndi nthawi kumaonedwa kuti ndi kwabwino.
Zosiyanasiyanapompu yamadzi a m'nyanjaZigawo ziyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamtundu womwewo kuti zisawonongeke ndi galvanic. Kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa zinthuzo ndi kocheperako momwe kungathekere. Komabe, ngati zinthu zosiyana ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa za kapangidwe kake, pamwamba pa chitsulo chosalimba chomwe chimakhudzana ndi madzi payenera kukhala chachikulu poyerekeza ndi pamwamba pa chitsulo cholimba. Chithunzi 5 chikupereka chidziwitso chokhudza kuopsa kwa dzimbiri la galvanic pamene zinthu zosiyanasiyana ziphatikizidwa.
Kuthamanga kwambiri kungayambitse dzimbiri. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu ya chinthucho ikakhala yolimba kwambiri, komanso liwiro lake limakwera. Pomwe mphamvu ya chinthucho imakhudza momwe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo za nickel zimagwirira ntchito pang'ono, malowo amasinthidwa pomwe zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zamkuwa zimakhudzidwa. Chithunzi 6 chimapereka chidziwitso chokwanira pa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya chinthucho. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuganizira ngati chinthucho chili ndi mpweya kapena H₂S. Kuchuluka kwa H₂S nthawi zambiri kumachotsa kupezeka kwa mpweya; m'malo otere, chinthucho chimakhala ndi asidi pang'ono, mpaka pH ya 4.
Khalidwe la zinthu zakuthupi
Gome 1 likupereka malingaliro okhudza zipangizo zopopera kapena kuphatikiza kwake. Pokhapokha ngati tanena mwanjira ina, mfundo zotsatirazi zikugwira ntchito pa madzi a m'nyanja opanda H₂S iliyonse.
Chitsulo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki
Chitsulo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi a m'nyanja, pokhapokha ngati chili ndi chophimba choyenera choteteza. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali liwiro lochepa (lotheka poika zitseko); pankhaniyi chitetezo cha cathodic cha ziwalo zina zamkati chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuponya kwa Austenitic Ni
Ni-Resist 1 ndi 2 ndi yoyenera kokha pa liwiro lapakati (mpaka pafupifupi 20 m/s).
Kutupa kwa Galvanic mu Madzi a m'nyanja pa kutentha kwa 5-30℃
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-11-2025