Kulinganiza mphamvu ya axial mu mapampu a centrifugal okhala ndi magawo ambiri ndi ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yake ndi yokhazikika. Chifukwa cha makonzedwe angapo a impellers, mphamvu ya axial imasonkhana kwambiri (mpaka matani angapo). Ngati sizili bwino, izi zitha kubweretsa kuchulukira kwa mabearing, kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizo, kapena kulephera kwa zida. Pansipa pali njira zodziwika bwino zolinganiza mphamvu ya axial, pamodzi ndi mfundo zake, zabwino, ndi zoyipa zake.
1.Makonzedwe Ofanana a Impeller (Kubwererana / Maso ndi Maso)
Pakupanga chipangizo choyezera mphamvu ya axial cha pampu yamakono ya centrifugal, gawo la impeller nthawi zambiri limasankhidwa ngati nambala yofanana, chifukwa pamene gawo la impeller ndi nambala yofanana, njira yogawa impeller ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulinganiza mphamvu ya axial ya zida, ndipo mphamvu ya axial yopangidwa ndi impeller yogawidwa mofanana mu ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito imakhala yofanana kukula ndi zosiyana mbali, ndipo idzawonetsa mkhalidwe wofanana pamlingo wa macroscopic. Pakupanga, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kukula kwa sealing throttling isanafike polowera kwa impeller yobwerera kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa impeller kuti zitsimikizire kutsekedwa bwino.
●Mfundo yaikulu: Ma imperler apafupi amakonzedwa mbali zosiyana kotero kuti mphamvu zawo za axial zisiyane.
●Kubwererana kumbuyo: Ma seti awiri a impellers amayikidwa mozungulira pakati pa shaft ya pampu.
●Maso ndi maso: Ma impeller amakonzedwa moyang'anizana mkati kapena kunja mu mawonekedwe owoneka ngati galasi.
●UbwinoPalibe zida zina zofunika; kapangidwe kosavuta; magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri (oposa 90%).
●Zoyipa: Kapangidwe ka nyumba ya pampu yovuta; kukonza njira yoyendera madzi movutikira; imagwira ntchito kokha pa mapampu omwe ali ndi magawo ofanana.
●Mapulogalamu: Mapampu odyetsa boiler okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mapampu a petrochemical multistage.
2. Kulinganiza Ng'oma
Kapangidwe ka ng'oma yolinganiza (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti balance piston) ilibe malo olumikizirana a axial, omwe angalimbitse kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa axial, koma osati kugwedezeka konse kwa axial, ndipo palibe malipiro ena owonjezera mukasuntha pamalo a axial, ndipo ma bearing a thrust nthawi zambiri amafunika. Kapangidwe kameneka kadzakhala ndi recirculation yayikulu yamkati (internal leak) koma kamalekerera kwambiri ma startup, shutdown, ndi zina zosakhalitsa.
●Mfundo yaikulu: Ng'oma yozungulira imayikidwa pambuyo pa impeller yomaliza. Madzi othamanga kwambiri amatuluka kudzera pakati pa ng'oma ndi chivundikiro kupita ku chipinda chothamanga pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu yolimbana nayo.
● Aubwino: Mphamvu yolinganiza bwino, yoyenera mapampu amphamvu, okhala ndi magawo ambiri (monga masiteji 10+).
●Zoyipa: Kutayika kwa madzi otayikira (~3–5% ya kuchuluka kwa madzi otayikira), kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito. Kumafuna mapaipi owonjezera olinganiza kapena machitidwe obwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale kovuta.
●Mapulogalamu: Mapampu akuluakulu oyendera magetsi ozungulira masitepe ambiri (monga mapampu a mapaipi akutali).
3.Disiki Yolinganiza
Monga njira yodziwika bwino yopangira chipangizo choyezera mphamvu ya axial cha pampu yamakono ya centrifugal, njira ya balance disc ikhoza kusinthidwa pang'ono malinga ndi kufunikira kwa kupanga, ndipo balance force imapangidwa makamaka ndi gawo lodutsa pakati pa radial clearance ndi axial clearance ya disk, ndipo gawo lina limapangidwa makamaka ndi axial clearance ndi gawo lakunja la balance disc, ndipo mphamvu ziwirizi zoyezera zimagwira ntchito yoyezera mphamvu ya axial. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina, ubwino wa njira ya balance plate ndikuti m'mimba mwake wa balance plate ndi waukulu ndipo kukhudzidwa kwake ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chikhale chokhazikika. Komabe, chifukwa cha axial clearance yaying'ono yoyendetsera, kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala kosavuta kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka panthawi yochepa.
●Mfundo yaikulu: Disiki yosunthika imayikidwa pambuyo pa impeller yomaliza. Kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa diski yonse kumasintha malo ake kuti athane ndi mphamvu ya axial.
●Ubwino: Imasintha yokha kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya axial; kulondola kwambiri kwa balancing.
●ZoyipaKukangana kumayambitsa kutopa, zomwe zimafuna kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kumakhudza kuyeretsa kwamadzimadzi (tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kudzaza diski).
●Mapulogalamu: Mapampu amadzi oyera omwe ali ndi magawo ambiri oyambirira (pang'onopang'ono akusinthidwa ndi ma ng'oma olinganiza).
4.Kusakaniza Drum ndi Disk
Poyerekeza ndi njira ya balance plate, njira ya balance plate drum ndi yosiyana chifukwa kukula kwa gawo lake la throttle bushing ndi kwakukulu kuposa kukula kwa impeller hub, pomwe balance disc imafuna kukula kwa throttle bushing kuti igwirizane ndi kukula kwa impeller hub. Kawirikawiri, mu njira yopangira balance plate drum, balance force yopangidwa ndi balance plate imaposa theka la mphamvu yonse ya axial, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumatha kufika 90% ya mphamvu yonse ya axial, ndipo magawo ena amaperekedwa makamaka ndi balance drum. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonjezera pang'ono mphamvu ya balance ya balance drum kudzachepetsa mphamvu ya balance plate, ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa balance plate, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa balance plate, kukonza moyo wa zida, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pampu ya centrifugal ya magawo ambiri ikugwira ntchito bwino.
●Mfundo yaikulu: Ng'oma imagwira ntchito yaikulu ya axial force, pomwe disk imasintha mphamvu yotsala.
●Ubwino: Zimaphatikiza kukhazikika ndi kusinthasintha, zoyenera pazochitika zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
●ZoyipaKapangidwe kake kovuta; mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
●Mapulogalamu: Mapampu a mafakitale ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri (monga mapampu oziziritsira mpweya wa nyukiliya).
5. Mabearings Othandizira (Kulinganiza Kothandizira)
●Mfundo yaikulu: Ma bearing a mpira wolumikizana ndi angular kapena ma bearing a Kingsbury amayamwa mphamvu yotsalira ya axial.
●Ubwino: Kusunga kodalirika kwa njira zina zoyezera.
●Zoyipa: Imafuna mafuta odzola nthawi zonse; nthawi yokhalitsa imakhala yochepa pansi pa katundu wolemera kwambiri.
●Mapulogalamu: Mapampu ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati okhala ndi masitepe ambiri kapena mapampu othamanga kwambiri.
6. Kapangidwe ka Impeller Yoyamwa Kawiri
●Mfundo yaikulu: Choyimitsa choyamwa kawiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo loyamba kapena lapakati, kulinganiza mphamvu ya axial kudzera mu kulowa kwa mbali ziwiri.
●Ubwino: Kulinganiza bwino pamene mukukweza magwiridwe antchito a cavitation.
●Zoyipa: Imangogwirizanitsa mphamvu ya axial ya gawo limodzi lokha; njira zina zimafunika pa mapampu a magawo ambiri.
7. Mabowo Osasinthasintha a Hydraulic (Mabowo a Impeller Backplate)
●Mfundo yaikulu: Mabowo amabowoledwa kumbuyo kwa impeller, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi othamanga kwambiri abwererenso kudera lotsika, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya axial.
●Ubwino: Yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo.
●Zoyipa: Amachepetsa mphamvu ya pampu (~2–4%).Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yochepa ya axial yokha; nthawi zambiri imafuna ma bearing owonjezera.
Kuyerekeza kwa Njira Zolinganiza Mphamvu za Axial
| Njira | Kuchita bwino | Kuvuta | Ndalama Zokonzera | Mapulogalamu Odziwika |
| Zoyimitsa Zofanana | ★★★★★ | ★★★ | ★★ | Mapampu amphamvu okhala ndi gawo lofanana |
| Kulinganiza Ng'oma | ★★★★ | ★★★★ | ★★★ | Mapampu okhala ndi mitu yayitali komanso masitepe ambiri |
| Disiki Yolinganiza | ★★★ | ★★★★ | ★★★★ | Madzi oyera, katundu wosiyanasiyana |
| Kusakaniza kwa Drum + Disk | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★ | Mavuto aakulu (a nyukiliya, ankhondo) |
| Maberamu Opondereza | ★★ | ★★ | ★★★ | Kulinganiza mphamvu yotsalira ya axial |
| Impeller Yoyamwa Kawiri | ★★★★ | ★★★ | ★★ | Gawo loyamba kapena lapakati |
| Mabowo Olinganiza | ★★ | ★ | ★ | Mapampu ang'onoang'ono othamanga pang'ono |
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-29-2025