He aha te NFPA mō te papu wai ahi?
He maha ngā paerewa a te National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) e pā ana ki ngā papu wai ahi, ko te NFPA 20 te nuinga, koia te "Paerewa mō te Tāutanga o ngā Papu Tūmau mō te Tiaki Ahi." Ka whakaratohia e tēnei paerewa he aratohu mō te hoahoa, te tāutanga, me te tiaki i ngā papu ahi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha tiaki ahi.
Ko ngā kōrero matua o te NFPA 20 ko:
Ngā momo papu:
E hipokina ana ngā momo momongā papu tinei ahi, tae atu ki ngā papu torengi, ngā papu nekehanga pai, me ētahi atu.
Ngā Whakaritenga Tāutanga:
E whakarārangihia ana ngā whakaritenga mō te tāutanga o ngā papu ahi, tae atu ki te tauwāhi, te urunga atu, me te tiaki mai i ngā āhuatanga taiao.
Te Whakamātautau me te Tiaki:
E whakamārama ana te NFPA 20 i ngā tikanga whakamātautau me ngā mahi tiaki hei whakarite kia mahi pai ngā papu ahi ina hiahiatia.
Ngā Paerewa Mahi:
Kei roto i te paerewa ngā paearu mahi me tutuki e ngā papu ahi kia rawaka ai te puna wai me te pēhanga mō ngā mahi tinei ahi.
Pūtake Hiko:
E aro ana ki te hiahia mō ngā pūtake hiko pono, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha tārua, kia taea ai e ngā papu ahi te mahi i ngā wā ohorere.
Mai i te nfpa.org, e kī ana te NFPA 20 e tiaki ana i te ora me te taonga mā te whakarato i ngā whakaritenga mō te kōwhiringa me te tāutanga o ngā papu hei whakarite kia mahi ngā pūnaha kia rite ki te kaupapa hei whakarato i ngā puna wai e tika ana, e pono ana hoki i roto i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere ahi.
Me pēhea te tatauPapu Wai AhiTe pēhanga?
Hei tatau i te pēhanga o te papu ahi, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:
Tātai:
Kei hea:
· P = Te pēhanga papu i roto i te psi (pauna ia inihi tapawha)
· Q = Te tere rere i roto i ngā karani ia meneti (GPM)
· H = Te katoa o te upoko hihiri (TDH) i roto i ngā waewae
· F = Te ngaronga o te waku i roto i te psi
Ngā Hipanga hei Tātai i te Pēhanga o te Papu Ahi:
Whakatauhia te Tere Rere (Q):
· Tāutuhia te tere rere e hiahiatia ana mō tō pūnaha tiaki ahi, e tohua ana i roto i te GPM.
Tātaihia te Upoko Hihiri Katoa (TDH):
· Upoko Pūmau: Inehia te tawhiti poutū mai i te pūtake wai ki te pūwāhi teitei rawa o te tukunga.
· Ngaronga o te Waku: Tātaihia te ngaronga waku i roto i te pūnaha paipa mā te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi ngaronga waku, i ngā tātai rānei (pēnei i te whārite Hazen-Williams).
· Te Ngaronga o te Teitei: Whakaarohia ngā huringa teitei o te pūnaha.
[TDH= Upoko Tūmau + Ngaronga Waku + Ngaronga Teitei]
Tātaihia te Ngaronga o te Waku (F):
· Whakamahia ngā tātai, ngā tūtohi rānei e tika ana hei whakatau i te ngaronga waku i runga i te rahi o te paipa, te roa, me te tere rere.
Monohia ngā Uara ki roto i te Tātai:
· Whakakapia ngā uara o Q, H, me F ki roto i te tātai hei tatau i te pēhanga papu.
Tauira Tātaitanga:
· Tere Rere (Q): 500 GPM
· Teitei o te Upoko Hihiri (H): 100 putu
· Ngaronga o te Waku (F): 10 psi
Mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
Ngā Whakaaro Hira:
· Me whakarite kia tutuki te pēhanga i tatauhia i ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha tiaki ahi.
· Tirohia tonu ngā paerewa NFPA me ngā waehere ā-rohe mō ngā whakaritenga me ngā aratohu motuhake.
· Kōrero ki tētahi miihini tiaki ahi mō ngā pūnaha uaua, ki te kore rānei koe e tino mōhio ki tētahi o ngā tātaitanga.
Me pēhea te tirotiro i te pēhanga o te papu ahi?
Hei tirotiro i te pēhanga o te papu ahi, ka taea e koe te whai i ēnei mahi:
1. Kohikohia ngā taputapu e tika ana:
Ine Pēhanga: Me whakarite kei a koe he ine pēhanga kua whakatikatikaina hei ine i te awhe pēhanga e tumanakohia ana.
Ngā kī: Hei hono i te ine ki te papu, ki ngā paipa rānei.
Taputapu Haumaru: Mauria ngā taputapu haumaru e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā karapu me ngā mōhiti kanohi.
2. Kimihia te Putanga Whakamātautau Pēhanga:
Tāutuhia te putanga whakamātautau pēhanga o te pūnaha papu ahi. Kei te taha tukunga o te papu tēnei i te nuinga o te wā.
3. Honoa te Ine Pēhanga:
Whakamahia ngā taputapu tika hei hono i te ine pēhanga ki te putanga whakamātautau. Me whakarite kia piri pai te hiri hei ārai i ngā turuturu.
4. Tīmatahia te Papu Ahi:
Whakakāhia te papu ahi kia rite ki ngā tohutohu a te kaihanga. Me whakarite kua rite te pūnaha mō te whakamahi.
5. Tirohia te Pānui Pēhanga:
Kia oma te papu, tirohia te pānui pēhanga kei runga i te ine. Mā tēnei ka kitea te pēhanga tukunga o te papu.
6. Tuhia te Pēhanga:
Tuhia te pānui pēhanga mō āu tuhinga. Whakatauritea ki te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana kua tohua i roto i te hoahoa pūnaha, i ngā paerewa NFPA rānei.
7. Tirohia mēnā he rerekētanga:
Mena e tika ana, tirohia te pēhanga i ngā tere rere rerekē (mehemea ka taea e te pūnaha) kia pai ai te mahi a te papu puta noa i tōna awhe.
8. Whakawetohia te Papu:
Whai muri i te whakamātautau, whakawetohia te papu me te momotu i te ine pehanga.
9. Tirohia mēnā he raruraru:
I muri i te whakamātautau, tirohia te pūnaha mō ngā turuturu, ngā hapa rānei e tika ana kia tirohia.
Ngā Whakaaro Hira:
Haumaru Tuatahi: Me whai i ngā tikanga haumaru i te wā e mahi ana me ngā papu ahi me ngā pūnaha pēhanga.
Whakamātautau Auau: He mea nui ngā tirotiro pēhanga auau hei pupuri i te pono o te papu ahi.
He aha te pēhanga toenga iti rawa mō te papu ahi?
Ko te pēhanga toenga iti rawa mō ngā papu ahi ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te pūnaha tiaki ahi me ngā ture ā-rohe. Heoi, ko te paerewa noa ko te pēhanga toenga iti rawa kia 20 psi (pauna ia inihi tapawha) i te putanga ngongo tino tawhiti i ngā āhuatanga rere mōrahi.
Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia rawaka te pēhanga hei tuku wai ki te pūnaha tinei ahi, pērā i ngā pīrere me ngā ngongo.
Ka tutuki ngā papu toritiwha o te anga wehewehe whakapae i ngā whakaritenga tono NFPA 20 me te UL kua whakarārangihia, ā, me ngā taputapu e tika ana mō te whakarato wai ki ngā pūnaha tiaki ahi i roto i ngā whare, i ngā wheketere me ngā marae.
| Te whānuitanga o te tuku: Papu ahi taraiwa miihini + papa whakahaere + Papu Jockey / Papu taraiwa motuka hiko + papa whakahaere + Papu Jockey |
| Mēnā he tono kē atu mō te waeine, me kōrero ki ngā miihini o TKFLO. |
|
Momo Papu | Ngā papu toremi whakapae me te taunga tika hei whakarato wai ki te pūnaha tiaki ahi i roto i ngā whare, ngā whare tipu me ngā marae. |
| Te kaha | 300 ki te 5000GPM (68 ki te 567m3/hr) |
| Upoko | 90 ki te 650 putu (26 ki te 198 mita) |
| Pēhanga | Tae atu ki te 650 putu (45 kg/cm2, 4485 KPa) |
| Mana o te Whare | Tae atu ki te 800HP (597 KW) |
| Ngā taraiwa | Ngā mōtini hiko poutū me ngā mīhini tīhiera me ngā taputapu koki matau, me ngā tāpine mamaoa. |
| Momo wai | Wai, wai moana rānei |
| Te pāmahana | Kei roto i ngā rohe o te taiao e tika ana mō te whakahaere pai o ngā taputapu. |
| Rauemi Hanganga | He rino maka, he parahi te mea paerewa. He rauemi whiriwhiri e wātea ana mō ngā tono wai moana. |
TE TIROHANGA WĀHANGA o te Papu Ahi Pokapū Whakawehe Whakapae
Wā tuku: Oketopa-28-2024