Waipūmau
Ko te hydrostatic te peka o te miihini wai e hono ana kicernme ngā wai e okioki ana. E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, kāore he ahotea tāwhiti, he ahotea kutikuti rānei i waenganui i ngā matūriki wai tūmau.
Nō reira, i roto i te wai-pūmau, ka mahi noa ngā kaha katoa ki te mata rohe, ā, kāore e pā ki te matotoru. Nō reira, he māmā noa iho ngā ture whakahaere, ā, ko te tātaritanga e hangai ana ki te tono tika o ngā mātāpono miihini o te kaha me te nekehanga. He tika ngā otinga, kāore he take ki te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau.
Mīhini tīhiera, Tīpene poutū, Papu Wai Whakaheke Wai, maha-wāhanga, ā-roto. Ko tēnei momo papu wai whakaheke poutū e whakamahia ana mō te papu, kāore he waikura, he pāmahana iti iho i te 60 °C, ā, ko ngā totoka i whakatārewatia (kāore i te uru te muka, te kirikiri) he iti iho i te 150 mg/L te ihirangi o te wai para, te wai paru rānei. Ko te papu wai whakaheke poutū momo VTP he momo VTP, ā, i runga i te pikinga me te kara, ka whakatakotoria te hinu whakahinuhinu ngongo ki te wai. Ka taea te paowa i te pāmahana i raro iho i te 60 °C, ka tukuna kia mau ki tētahi momo totoka (pēnei i te rino para me te onepu pai, te waro, me ētahi atu) o te wai para, te wai paru rānei.
Te kaha o te pēhanga
Ko te kaha o te pēhanga, arā, ko te pēhanga i runga i tētahi mata, ko te kaha pēhanga mō ia wae horahanga. I roto i te Pikitia 4, ko te kaha pēhanga poutū iho e pā ana ki te whakapae
He ōrite te lamina ki te papatipu o te porowhita o te wai kei runga ake i a ia, me te kaha o te pēhanga i te atanga ki tētahi atu wai. Mō te taurite pumau me whai pēhanga poutū ki runga i raro i te lamina. Mēnā he wai kore e taea te pēhi e pā ana ki te hau, ko te pēhanga ine p (i roto i ngā pascals) ka hoatu e
ko w te papatipu motuhake o te wai, ā, ko h te hohonutanga i raro i te mata kore utu. Ko te mea whakamutunga e kiia ana ko te pres-
Fig.4. Ngā kaha pēhanga i runga i te papa whakapae kua totohu
he upoko tino, ā, e whakahuatia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mita o te wai. E whakaatu ana te āhua o te whārite ka piki haere te pēhanga i runga i te rārangi me te hohonutanga. I te mea ko te kaha ā-tinana te āhuatanga ā-tinana e whai wāhi ana, ko te mata kore utu o te wai marino he whakapae tonu, ā, he rite tonu te kaha o te pēhanga i runga i tētahi papa whakapae i roto i te tinana o te wai. Heoi anō, ka taea te whakaatu ko te kaha o te pēhanga i runga i tētahi matūriki huānga he rite tonu i ngā taha katoa. Ka whai ake tēnei i te whakaaro ki ngā kaha pēhanga e pā ana ki tētahi porowhita tapatoru huānga (Pikitia 5) he roa whakapae wae, me ngā ine wāhanga δl,δx,δy, me te papatipu δw.
Pikitia 5. Pēhanga mōckei runga i tētahi porowhita tapatoru i raro i te wai
Mō te taurite i te ahunga whakapae,
Waihoki i te ahunga poutū,
te wareware i ngā tikanga tuarua o ngā rahinga iti rawa,
Nō reira, kāore te kaha o te pēhanga e pā ki te koki o te piko o te mata taketake, ā, he rite tonu i ngā taha katoa.
Ine pēhanga
Tngā momo taputapu
Mō ngā wai he mata kore utu, ko te pēhangasKo te hohonutanga i raro i te mata e tohuhia ana e te wai i tētahi wāhi. Ina kapi katoa te wai, pērā i ngā paipa me ngā awa pēhanga, kāore e taea te whakatau i te pēhanga, ā, me whai taputapu ine tika. E toru ngā momo matua: (a) piezometer, (b) manometer, me (c) Bourdon gauge. E whakaaturia ana ēnei kua whakauruhia ki tētahi paipa i te Pikitia 6.
Papu pūwāhi puna whakapūmau korehau
Tauira Nama：TWP
Ko ngā papu wai puna whakakī-ā-roto mō te miihini tīhiera neke raupapa TWP mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere he mea hoahoa tahi e DRAKOS PUMP o Hingaiapore me te kamupene REEOFLO o Tiamana. Ka taea e tēnei raupapa papu te kawe i ngā momo matūriki katoa kei roto he reo ma, he koretake, he waikura hoki. Ka whakaoti i te maha o ngā hapa papu whakakī-ā-roto tuku iho. Ka taea e tēnei momo papu whakakī-ā-roto te tīmata aunoa me te tīmata anō me te kore wai mō te tīmatanga tuatahi, Ka taea e te pane momi te neke atu i te 9 m; Ko te hoahoa waipēhi pai rawa atu me te hanganga ahurei e pupuri ana i te pai o te mahi neke atu i te 75%. Ā, he rerekē te whakaurunga hanganga hei kōwhiringa.
Ine Piezo
IMā te patopato i te mata rohe, ā, ka honoa he ngongo roa, ka piki te wai i roto i te ngongo kia taurite rā anō ki te pēhanga o te hau. Ko te teitei poutū o te pou wai te tohu o te pēhanga i roto i te tinana matua o te wai. He mārama, he pai anake te taputapu mō ngā pēhanga ngawari, ki te kore ka piki rawa te wai i roto i te ngongo piezometer kia watea ai te ine.
Pikitia 6. Ngā taputapu ine pēhanga
Ina rere te wai, kaua te tapā piezometer e neke ake i te 3 mm te whānui, ā, me rite tonu ki te mata o te rohe. Mō te tika ake, ka taea te tāpiri i tētahi mowhiti piezometer. Kei roto i tēnei he rūma porowhita e karapoti ana i te paipa, ā, e honoa ana ki reira mā te maha o ngā tapā e ōrite ana te tawhiti.
Manometer
Manometer He rite tonu te kaupapa ki tērā i whakaahuatia i runga ake nei, engari ko ngā uauatanga e pā ana ki tētahi ngongo roa rawa ka whakakorea mā te whakauru i tētahi ngongo-U kei roto he wai kore e taea te whakaranu. Ko te Mercury (te taumaha motuhake 13,6) te wai manometer e whakamahia ana mō te ine i te pēhanga wai. Ko te pēhanga ine p i roto i te paipa ka hoatu e
Kei hea
h = te rerekētanga o te taumata o te wai o te manometer i ngā peka e rua,
z=te teitei o te rārangi pokapū paipa i runga ake i te meniscus i te peka i te taha paipa, me
w, wm = te taumaha motuhake o te paipa me te manometer wai.
Ki te neke atu ki ngā tūranga hurihuri o te menisci, kāore e taea te whakatikatika tika. Heoi, ka taea tēnei mena ka nui haere te peka i te taha paipa kia noho tonu ai te taumata o te meniscus. Kātahi ka taea te pānui i ngā pēhanga mai i tētahi tauine kua honoa ki tētahi atu peka.
Fig.7. Manometer rerekētanga
Ko te aromatawai tauanga o te rere o ngā paipa e ahu mai ana i te ine i te rerekētanga pēhanga i waenga i ngā taputapu tata. Ka whakamahia he manometer rerekētanga (Pikitia 7), ā, ko te wai manometer he mercury te nuinga. Mēnā he iti ngā rerekētanga pēhanga, ka puta he hua tika ake i te wai māmā ake e kore e uru.
Ko te rerekētanga pēhanga pt-pzis i homai e
ina rite te tikanga o ngā tohu ki te Whārite 6. Mena he whakapae te paipaal,
Kua hangaia he manometer rerekētanga matatini ake hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia motuhake o ngā mahi arumoni me ngā mahi taiwhanga.
Bine ourdon
He taputapu arumoni tēnei e honoa tika ana ki te paipa tonu, ki te pito rānei o te raina piezometer. He ngongo piko tēnei e iri noa ana i te wāhanga piko, ā, e puritia pūmau ana ki te kakau. Mā te pikinga o te pēhanga o roto ka tika te ngongo, ā, nā te mea he rite tonu te piko ki te pēhanga e pā ana, mā te tikanga māmā ka taea te tuhi tika i te pēhanga. Nā te mea he āhuarangi te pēhanga i waho o te ngongo, ka rēhitahia he pēhanga ine, ā, e pā ana tēnei ki te pūwāhi pokapū o te taputapu.
He pai te ine Bourdon hei tohu whānui mō te pēhanga engari kāore e pai mō ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te tika nui, pērā i te nuinga o te wā ina inehia ngā pēhanga rerekētanga.
Tauira Nama：XBC-VTP
Ko ngā papu tinei ahi poutū roa XBC-VTP Series he raupapa papu whakarara kotahi-wāhanga, maha-wāhanga, i hangaia i runga anō i te Paerewa Motu hou GB6245-2006. I whakapai ake hoki mātou i te hoahoa me te tohutoro ki te paerewa o te United States Fire Protection Association. E whakamahia ana mō te tuku wai ahi i roto i te matū hinu, te hau māori, te tipu hiko, te kakahu miro, te tauranga, te rererangi, te whare putunga, te whare teitei me ētahi atu ahumahi. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi ki te kaipuke, ki te tāke moana, ki te kaipuke tinei ahi me ētahi atu wā tuku.
Papu Haerenga Wai Moana Pūwero
Tauira Nama：ASN ASNV
Ko ngā papu tauira ASN me ASNV he papu torengi takirua-wāhanga kotahi, he mea whakamahi, he mea kawe wai rānei mō ngā mahi wai, te tohanga hauhautanga, te hanga whare, te whakamakuku whenua, te teihana papu rerenga wai, te teihana hiko, te pūnaha tuku wai ahumahi, te pūnaha tinei ahi, te kaipuke, te hanga whare me ērā atu.
Wā tuku: Maehe-25-2024