Waikawa Hauota (HNO3)

Ngā Āhuatanga Whānui:He reo waikura tēnei. Ko te HNO3 kukū ka mahi i ngā pāmahana i raro iho i te 40°C. Ko ngā huānga pēnei i te chromium (Cr) me te silicon (Si) he ātete ki te waikura, ā, he mea pai te maitai kore waikura me ētahi atu rauemi kei roto ko te Cr me te Si hei ātete i te waikura mai i te HNO3 kukū.
Rino maka silicon teitei (STSi15R):He pai mō ngā pāmahana katoa i raro iho i te 93% te kukū.
Rino maka konupora teitei (Cr28):He pai mō ngā pāmahana katoa i raro iho i te 80% te kukū.
Kowiri tira (SUS304, SUS316, SUS316L):He pai mō ngā pāmahana katoa i raro iho i te 80% te kukū.
S-05 maitai (0Cr13Ni7Si4):He pai mō ngā pāmahana katoa i raro i te 98% te kukū.
Titanium parakore arumoni (TA1, TA2):He pai mō ngā pāmahana katoa i raro i te kohua (haunga te paowa).
Konumohe parakore (Al) arumoni:He pai mō ngā pāmahana katoa i te pāmahana rūma (mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā ipu anake).
Koranu CD-4MCu kua whakapakeketia e te koroheketanga:He pai mō ngā pāmahana katoa i raro i te kohua.
Nā te mea he tino ātete ki te waikura, he pai hoki ngā rauemi pēnei i a Inconel, Hastelloy C, te koura, me te tantalum.

Waikawa Whāriki (H2SO4)

Ngā Āhuatanga Whānui:Ka piki ake te pāmahana koropupū i te kukū. Hei tauira, i te kukū o te 5%, ko te pāmahana koropupū he 101°C; i te kukū 50%, he 124°C; ā, i te kukū 98%, he 332°C. I raro iho i te 75% kukū, ka whakaatuhia ngā āhuatanga whakaiti (kore rānei), ā, i runga ake i te 75%, ka whakaatuhia ngā āhuatanga waikura.
Kowiri tira (SUS316, SUS316L):I raro iho i te 40°C, tata ki te 20% te kukū.
904 Rino (SUS904, SUS904L):He pai mō ngā pāmahana i waenga i te 40~60°C, te kukū 20~75%; i raro i te 60% te kukū i te 80°C.
Rino Maka Hiraka Teitei (STSi15R):Ngā kukū rerekē i waenga i te pāmahana rūma me te 90°C.
Mata Parakore, Mata Mārō:Ngā pāmahana rerekē i te pāmahana rūma.
S-05 Rino (0Cr13Ni7Si4):Waikawa whanariki kukū i raro i te 90°C, waikawa whanariki kukū pāmahana teitei (120~150°C).
Maitai Waro Noa:Te waikawa whanariki kukū neke atu i te 70% i te pāmahana rūma.
Rino Maka:Waikawa whanariki kukū i te pāmahana rūma.
Monel, Nikera Konganuku, Inconel:Te pāmahana waenga, me te waikawa whanariki kukū waenga.
Titanium Molybdenum Alloy (Ti-32Mo):I raro iho i te pāmahana kohua, 60% te waikawa whanariki; i raro iho i te 50°C, 98% te waikawa whanariki.
Hastelloy B, D:I raro iho i te 100°C, 75% te waikawa whanariki.
Hastelloy C:Ngā pāmahana rerekē huri noa i te 100°C.
Nikara Rino Maka (STNiCr202):60~90% waikawa whanariki i te pāmahana rūma.

Waikawa Hauota (HCl)

Ngā Āhuatanga Whānui:He reo whakaitiiti tēnei, ko te pāmahana teitei rawa ko te 36-37%. Te pūmahana koropupū: i te 20% te kukū, ko te 110°C; i waenga i te 20-36% te kukū, ko te 50°C; nō reira, ko te pāmahana mōrahi mō te waikawa hauwai ko te 50°C.
Tantalum (Ta):Koinei te rauemi tino ātete-waikura mō te waikawa hauwai, engari he utu nui, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu ine tika.
Hastelloy B:He pai mō te waikawa hauwaiora i ngā pāmahana ≤ 50°C me ngā kukū tae atu ki te 36%.
Titanium-Molybdenum Alloy (Ti-32Mo):He pai mō ngā pāmahana me ngā kukū katoa.
Koranu Nikara-Moripenema (Kōromita, 0Ni62Mo32Fe3):He pai mō ngā pāmahana me ngā kukū katoa.
Titanium Parakore Arumoni (TA1, TA2):He pai mō te waikawa hauwaiora i te pāmahana rūma me ngā kukū i raro iho i te 10%.
ZXSNM(L) Koranu (00Ni70Mo28Fe2):He pai mō te waikawa hauwaiora i te pāmahana 50°C me te kukū o te 36%.

Waikawa Whero (H3PO4)

Ko te kukū o te waikawa phosphoric kei waenganui i te 30-40%, me te awhe pāmahana 80-90°C. He maha ngā wā kei roto i te waikawa phosphoric ngā poke pēnei i te H2SO4, ngā ion F-, ngā ion Cl-, me te silicate.
Kowiri tira (SUS316, SUS316L):He pai mō te waikawa phosphoric ira kohua me te kukū kei raro iho i te 85%.
Durimet 20 (Koranu 20):He koranu ātete-waikura, ātete-pakaru hoki mō ngā pāmahana kei raro iho i te kohua me ngā kukū kei raro iho i te 85%.
CD-4Mcu:He koranu kua whakapakeketia ā-tau, he ātete ki te waikura me te kakahu.
Rino Maka Hiraka Teitei (STSi15R), Rino Maka Chromium Teitei (Cr28):He pai mō ngā kukū rerekē o te waikawa hauota i raro i te pāmahana kohua.
904, 904L:He pai mō ngā kukū rerekē o te waikawa hauota i raro i te pāmahana kohua.
Inconel 825:He pai mō ngā kukū rerekē o te waikawa hauota i raro i te pāmahana kohua.

Waikawa Waikawa Pūhaumāota (HF)

Ngā Āhuatanga Whānui:He tino paitini te waikawa hauwaiwhai. Ko te rino maka nui-silicon, ngā uku, me te karāhe he ātete ki te nuinga o ngā waikawa, engari ka taea e te waikawa hauwaiwhai te waikura.
Konupora (Mg):He rauemi tino ātete-waikura tēnei mō te waikawa hauwaipūhau, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā ipu.
Taitana:He pai mō ngā kukū o te 60-100% i te pāmahana rūma; ka piki ake te tere o te waikura ina he kukū kei raro i te 60%.
Koranu Monel:He rauemi tino pai tēnei e ātete ana ki te waikawa hauwaiwaihā, e kaha ana ki te tu atu i ngā pāmahana me ngā kukū katoa, tae atu ki ngā ira kohua.
Hiriwa (Ag):Ko te waikawa hauwaiwaihāoriki kohua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu ine.

Te Hauwaiwai Konutai (NaOH)

Ngā Āhuatanga Whānui:Ka piki ake te waikura o te hauwai konutai i te pāmahana.
SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L:Kukū 42%, pāmahana rūma ki te 100°C.
Nikara Rino Maka (STNiCr202):Kei raro iho i te 40% te kukū, kei raro iho i te 100°C te pāmahana.
Inconel 804, 825:Ka taea e te kukū (NaOH+NaCl) tae atu ki te 42% te eke ki te 150°C.
Nikara Parakore:Ka taea e te kukū (NaOH+NaCl) tae atu ki te 42% te eke ki te 150°C.
Koranu Monel:He pai mō ngā otinga konutai hauwai kukū teitei, pāmahana teitei.

Konutai kāponāte (Na2CO3)

Kei roto i te wai matua o te pungarehu houra he 20-26% NaCl, 78% Cl2, me te 2-5% CO2, me ngā rerekētanga pāmahana mai i te 32 ki te 70 nekehanga Celsius.
Te rino maka silicon teitei:He pai mō te pungarehu houra me te pāmahana o te 32 ki te 70 nekehanga Celsius me te kukū o te 20-26%.
Taitāne parakore ahumahi:He maha ngā wheketere pungarehu houra nui i Haina e whakamahi ana i ngā papu titanium i hangaia ki te titanium mō te waikura whaea me ētahi atu rauemi.

Ngā ahumahi matū hinu, rongoā, me te kai

Hinu:0Cr13, 1Cr13, 1Cr17.
Matū matū:1Cr18Ni9 (304), 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti (SUS316).
Waikawa Formic:904, 904L.
Waikawa Āketi:Taitānia (Ti), 316L.
Rongoā:Rino maka silicon teitei, SUS316, SUS316L.
Kai:1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr13, 1Cr13."