He aha nā wai i hoʻopili pinepine ʻia e ka pamu screw?

Wai kai mai nā kumu wai ma lalo o ka honua

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka paʻakai o ka wai paʻakai mai nā kumu lepo ma mua o ka wai kai, pinepine ma kahi o 30%, ʻo ia hoʻi ma lalo o ka palena solubility. Maanei hou, ʻo ka paʻakai maʻamau ka mea nui. ʻO ka waiwai pH maʻamau he haʻahaʻa loa (a hiki i kahi o 4), ʻo ia hoʻi he waikawa ka wai. ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka oxygen a ʻaʻohe paha, hiki i ka nui o ka H₂S ke piʻi i kekahi mau haneli milligrams no ka lita.

He ʻino loa kēlā mau wai paʻakai ʻakika i loaʻa ka H₂S a pono e hoʻohana i nā mea kūikawā.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai a ma muli o nā kūlana hana, pono e manaʻo ʻia kahi pae o ka paʻakai. I ia mau hihia, pono e hana i nā hana kū'ē kūpono e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā, ka hana a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea.

Ka palaho i loko o ka wai kai

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka pala like, akā kūʻē hoʻi i ka pala kūloko ʻoi aku ka pala o ka pitting a me ka crevice. ʻIke ʻia kēlā mau hanana pala me nā mea hao ferro selfpassivating (stainless steels). ʻO nā pamu i kapa ʻia ʻo 'standby', kahi e hana wale ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa, e holo i ka pilikia o ka pala ʻana; ua manaʻo ʻia he pono ka hoʻopiha ʻana me ka wai hou ma mua o ka wā pani a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa.

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻolepamu wai kaipono e hana ʻia nā ʻāpana mai nā mea o ke ʻano like i mea e pale aku ai i ka pala galvanic. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā mea pākahi e haʻahaʻa loa e like me ka hiki. Eia nō naʻe, inā pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea like ʻole no nā kumu hoʻolālā, pono e nui nā ʻili o ka metala liʻiliʻi i pili me ka wai i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea o ka metala hanohano. Hāʻawi ka Kiʻi 5 i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pōʻino o ka pala galvanic ke hui pū ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole.

Hiki i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi i ka palaho ʻana o ka erosion. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā hopena, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka medium, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona wikiwiki. ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ke kahe e hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o nā kila kila a me nā nickel alloys i kahi kekelē liʻiliʻi wale nō, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kūlana kahi e pili ai nā mea ferrous unalloyed a me nā keleawe alloys. Hāʻawi ka Kiʻi 6 i ka ʻike qualitative e pili ana i ka mana o nā kahe kahe. Pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia no laila inā loaʻa ka oxygen a i ʻole H₂S i loko o ka medium. ʻO ka nui o ka H₂S e hōʻole i ke alo o ka oxygen; i ia mau hihia, he acidous iki ka medium, a hiki i ka pH o 4.

ʻAno hana waiwai

Hāʻawi ka Papa 1 i nā ʻōlelo paipai no nā mea pamu a i ʻole kā lākou hui pū ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia, pili kēia ʻike no ka wai kai me ka ʻole o ka nui o ka H₂S.

Ke kila kila ʻole a me ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia

ʻAʻole kūpono ke kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia no ka wai kai, ke ʻole ia e hoʻolako ʻia me kahi uhi pale kūpono. Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia no nā wikiwiki haʻahaʻa (hiki no nā pahu); i kēia hihia, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka pale cathodic maʻamau o nā mea kūloko ʻē aʻe.

Nā hoʻoheheʻe Ni-Austenitic

ʻO nā Ni-Resist 1 a me 2 kūpono wale nō no nā wikiwiki waena (a hiki i kahi 20 m/s).