Nā ʻAno o nā Pāpaho like ʻole a me ka Wehewehe ʻana o nā Mea Kūpono

ʻAkika Nitric (HNO3)

Nā ʻano laulā:He mea hoʻoheheʻe ia. Hana pinepine ka HNO3 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā mahana ma lalo o 40°C. ʻO nā mea e like me ka chromium (Cr) a me ka silicon (Si) he kūpaʻa i ka oxidation, e hana ana i ke kila kila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā Cr a me Si i kūpono no ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pala mai ka HNO3 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Hao hao silicon kiʻekiʻe (STSi15R):Kūpono no nā mahana a pau ma lalo o 93% ka nui.
Hao hao kiʻekiʻe chromium (Cr28):Kūpono no nā mahana a pau ma lalo o 80% ka nui.
Ke kila kila (SUS304, SUS316, SUS316L):Kūpono no nā mahana a pau ma lalo o 80% ka nui.
Ke kila S-05 (0Cr13Ni7Si4):Kūpono no nā mahana a pau ma lalo o 98%.
ʻO ka titanium maʻemaʻe kālepa (TA1, TA2):Kūpono no nā mahana a pau ma lalo o ka paila ʻana (koe wale nō ka uahi ʻana).
Alumini maʻemaʻe (Al) ma ke kālepa:Kūpono no nā mahana āpau ma ka mahana o ka lumi (no ka hoʻohana ʻana i loko o nā ipu wale nō).
ʻO ka hui CD-4MCu i hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia e ka wā kahiko:Kūpono no nā mahana a pau ma lalo o ka paila ʻana.
Ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, kūpono nā mea e like me Inconel, Hastelloy C, ke gula, a me ka tantalum.

ʻAkika Sulfuric (H2SO4)

Nā ʻano laulā:Piʻi ka pae paila me ka nui o ka wai. No ka laʻana, ma ka nui o 5%, ʻo ka pae paila he 101°C; ma ka nui o 50%, he 124°C; a ma ka nui o 98%, he 332°C. Ma lalo o 75% ka nui, hōʻike ia i nā waiwai hoʻēmi (a i ʻole kūlike ʻole), a ma luna o 75%, hōʻike ia i nā waiwai oxidizing.
Kila Kuʻihao (SUS316, SUS316L):Ma lalo o 40°C, ma kahi o 20% ka nui.
904 kila (SUS904, SUS904L):Kūpono no nā mahana ma waena o 40 ~ 60 °C, 20 ~ 75% ka nui; ma lalo o 60% ka nui ma 80 °C.
Hao Hoʻolei Silika Kiʻekiʻe (STSi15R):Nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nui ma waena o ka mahana o ka lumi a me 90°C.
Kepau Maʻemaʻe, Kepau Paʻakikī:Nā mahana like ʻole ma ka mahana o ka lumi.
S-05 kila (0Cr13Ni7Si4):ʻO ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o 90°C, ʻo ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe (120~150°C).
Ke kila kalapona maʻamau:ʻOi aku ka nui o ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o 70% ma ka mahana o ka lumi.
Hao i hoʻolei ʻia:ʻAkika sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka mahana o ka lumi.
Monel, Nickel Metal, Inconel:Mahana waena a me ka waikawa sulfuric waena.
Alloy Titanium Molybdenum (Ti-32Mo):Ma lalo o ke kiko paila, 60% waikawa sulfuric; ma lalo o 50°C, 98% waikawa sulfuric.
ʻO Hastelloy B, D:Ma lalo o 100°C, 75% waikawa sulfuric.
ʻO Hastelloy C:Nā mahana like ʻole a puni 100°C.
Hao Hoʻolei Nikala (STNiCr202):60~90% waikawa sulfuric ma ka mahana o ka lumi.

ʻAkika Hydrochloric (HCl)

Nā ʻano laulā:He mea hoʻemi ia me ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka nui o 36-37%. Kikowaena paila: ma ka nui o 20%, he 110°C; ma waena o 20-36% ka nui, he 50°C; no laila, ʻo ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa no ka waikawa hydrochloric he 50°C.
Tantalum (Ta):ʻO ia ka mea kūpono loa e kū i ka pala no ka waikawa hydrochloric, akā he pipiʻi a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea ana kikoʻī.
ʻO Hastelloy B:Kūpono no ka waikawa hydrochloric ma nā mahana ≤ 50°C a me nā ʻano a hiki i ka 36%.
Alloy Titanium-Molybdenum (Ti-32Mo):Kūpono no nā mahana a me nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ka Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy (Chlorimet, 0Ni62Mo32Fe3):Kūpono no nā mahana a me nā ʻano like ʻole.
Titanium Maʻemaʻe Kalepa (TA1, TA2):He kūpono no ka waikawa hydrochloric ma ka mahana o ka lumi a me nā ʻāpana ma lalo o 10%.
ZXSNM(L) Alloy (00Ni70Mo28Fe2):He kūpono no ka waikawa hydrochloric ma ka mahana o 50°C a me ka nui o 36%.

ʻAkika Phosphoric (H3PO4)

ʻO ka nui o ka waikawa phosphoric ma waena o 30-40%, me ka pae mahana o 80-90°C. Loaʻa pinepine i ka waikawa phosphoric nā mea haumia e like me H2SO4, F- ions, Cl- ions, a me silicate.
Kila Kuʻihao (SUS316, SUS316L):Kūpono no ka paila ʻana o ka waikawa phosphoric me ka nui ma lalo o 85%.
Durimet 20 (Mea hoʻohuihui 20):ʻO ka huila kū'ē i ka palaho a me ke komo ʻana no nā mahana ma lalo o ke kiko paila a me nā ʻano ma lalo o 85%.
CD-4Mcu:ʻO ke kinikini paʻakikī i ka wā kahiko, kūpaʻa i ka pala a me ke komo ʻana.
Hao Hoʻolei Silika Kiʻekiʻe (STSi15R), Hao Hoʻolei Chromium Kiʻekiʻe (Cr28):He kūpono no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka waikawa nitric ma lalo o ka paila.
904, 904L:He kūpono no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka waikawa nitric ma lalo o ka paila.
ʻInonel 825:He kūpono no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka waikawa nitric ma lalo o ka paila.

ʻAkika Hydrofluoric (HF)

Nā ʻano laulā:He mea ʻawahia loa ka waikawa hydrofluoric. ʻO ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia me ka silicon kiʻekiʻe, nā keramika, a me ke aniani he kūpaʻa maʻamau i ka hapa nui o nā waikawa, akā hiki i ka waikawa hydrofluoric ke hōʻino iā lākou.
Makenesiuma (Mg):He mea kūpono ia e kū i ka pala no ka waikawa hydrofluoric a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā ipu.
ʻO ka titanium:Kūpono no nā ʻano o 60-100% ma ka mahana o ka lumi; piʻi ka nui o ka pala me nā ʻano ma lalo o 60%.
Monel Alloy:He mea kūikawā ia e kū ana i ka waikawa hydrofluoric, hiki ke kū i nā mahana a me nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā kiko paila.
Kāla (Ag):Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka waikawa hydrofluoric e hoʻolapalapa ana i nā mea ana.

ʻO ka Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Nā ʻano laulā:Piʻi ka ʻino o ka sodium hydroxide me ka mahana.
SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L:Ka nui o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana he 42%, ka mahana o ka lumi a i 100°C.
Hao Hoʻolei Nikala (STNiCr202):ʻO ka hoʻohuihui ma lalo o 40%, ka mahana ma lalo o 100°C.
ʻInonel 804, 825:ʻO ka nui (NaOH+NaCl) a hiki i ka 42% hiki ke piʻi i 150°C.
Nikala Maʻemaʻe:ʻO ka nui (NaOH+NaCl) a hiki i ka 42% hiki ke piʻi i 150°C.
Monel Alloy:Kūpono no nā hopena sodium hydroxide wela kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe ka nui.

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

Aia i loko o ka wai makuahine o ka lehu soda he 20-26% NaCl, 78% Cl2, a me 2-5% CO2, me nā loli o ka mahana mai 32 a 70 degere Celsius.
ʻO ka hao hao silicon kiʻekiʻe:He kūpono no ka lehu soda me ka mahana o 32 a 70 degere Celsius a me ka nui o 20-26%.
Titanium maʻemaʻe ʻoihana:Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau hale hana soda lehu nui ma Kina i nā pamu titanium i hana ʻia me ka titanium no ka waiʻona makuahine a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻoihana petrochemical, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka meaʻai

ʻAila:0Cr13, 1Cr13, 1Cr17.
Kemika ʻaila:1Cr18Ni9 (304), 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti (SUS316).
ʻAkika Formic:904, 904L.
ʻAkika ʻAketika:Titanium (Ti), 316L.
Lāʻau lapaʻau:ʻO ka hao hoʻolei silicon kiʻekiʻe, SUS316, SUS316L.
Meaʻai:1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr13, 1Cr13."