Hydrostatic
Hydrostatic wani reshe ne na tsarin makanikan ruwa wanda ke da alaƙa da ruwacernAn kwantar da shi da ruwa a lokacin hutawa. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, babu wani matsin lamba ko matsin lamba tsakanin ƙwayoyin ruwa marasa motsi.
Saboda haka, a cikin hydrostatic, dukkan ƙarfi suna aiki ne bisa ga yanayin iyaka kuma ba sa buƙatar ɗanɗano. Sakamakon haka, dokokin da ke kula da su suna da sauƙi, kuma bincike ya dogara ne akan amfani da ƙa'idodin injina na ƙarfi da lokacin. Maganganu suna daidai ba tare da buƙatar samun mafita ga gwaji ba.
Injin dizal Na'urar turbine mai tsayi mai matakai da yawa na ruwa mai magudanar ruwa Wannan nau'in famfon magudanar ruwa mai tsayi ana amfani da shi ne musamman don famfo ba tare da tsatsa ba, zafin jiki ƙasa da 60 °C, daskararrun da aka dakatar (ba tare da zare ba, grits) ƙasa da 150 mg/L na najasa ko ruwan sharar gida. Famfon magudanar ruwa na tsaye na nau'in VTP yana cikin famfon ruwa na tsaye na VTP, kuma bisa ga ƙaruwa da abin wuya, bututun yana da man shafawa. Za a iya shan taba zafin jiki ƙasa da 60 °C, a aika don ɗauke da wani takamaiman hatsi mai ƙarfi (kamar ƙarfe da yashi mai kyau, kwal, da sauransu) na najasa ko ruwan sharar gida.
Ƙarfin matsin lamba
Ƙarfin matsin lamba ko, a taƙaice, matsin lamba a kan wani abu shine ƙarfin matsin lamba a kowane yanki naúrar. A Hoto na 4, ƙarfin matsin lamba a tsaye yana aiki akan kwance
Lamina daidai yake da nauyin ruwan da ke tsaye a samansa, tare da ƙarfin matsin lamba a wurin da aka haɗa shi da wani ruwa. Don daidaiton daidaito dole ne a sami matsin lamba a tsaye sama da ƙasan lamina. Idan akwai ruwa mara matsewa da ke hulɗa da yanayi, ana ba da matsin lamba na ma'aunin p (a cikin pascals) ta hanyar
inda w shine takamaiman nauyin ruwan kuma h shine zurfin da ke ƙasa da saman kyauta. Na ƙarshen ana kiransa pre-
Fig.4. Matsi yana ƙaruwa a kan lamina mai kwance a ƙarƙashin ruwa
tabbas kai kuma gabaɗaya ana bayyana shi a cikin mita na ruwa. Siffar lissafin ta nuna cewa matsin lamba yana ƙaruwa a layi tare da zurfin. Kamar yadda nauyi shine sifar jiki da ke tattare da shi, saman da babu ruwa mai motsi koyaushe yana kwance kuma ƙarfin matsin lamba iri ɗaya ne akan kowane jirgin kwance a cikin jikin ruwan. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya nuna cewa ƙarfin matsin lamba akan kowane barbashi iri ɗaya ne a kowane bangare. Wannan ya biyo bayan la'akari da ƙarfin matsin lamba da ke aiki akan prism mai siffar triangle na asali (Hoto na 5) na tsawon kwance naúrar, tare da girman sashe δl,δx,δy, da taro δw.
Hoto na 5. Matsi gaces a kan wani prism mai siffar triangle mai zurfi
Don daidaita alkiblar kwance,
Hakazalika a tsaye,
yin watsi da sharuɗɗan tsari na biyu na ƙananan adadi,
Saboda haka, ƙarfin matsin lamba ba ya dogara da kusurwar karkatar da saman abu kuma iri ɗaya ne a duk hanyoyi.
Ma'aunin matsin lamba
Tna'urar
Idan akwai ruwaye masu saman da babu komai, tosAna wakiltar ruwan a kowane lokaci ta hanyar zurfin da ke ƙasa da saman. Idan ruwan ya rufe gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda yake a cikin bututu da bututun matsi, ba za a iya tantance matsin lamba cikin sauƙi ba kuma ana buƙatar na'urar aunawa mai dacewa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda uku: (a) piezometer, (b) manometer, da (c) Bourdon ma'auni. An nuna waɗannan an haɗa su da bututun mai a Hoto na 6.
famfon injin tsotsar ruwa mai amfani da injin tsotsar ruwa
Lambar Samfura: TWP
Jerin TWP Injin Dizal Mai Motsi Mai Gyaran Kaya ...
Na'urar auna piezometer
IAna yin famfon fa a saman iyaka kuma bututun ya haɗu da isasshen tsayi, ruwan zai tashi a cikin bututun har sai ya daidaita da matsin yanayi. Matsin da ke cikin babban jikin ruwan yana wakiltar tsayin tsaye na ginshiƙin ruwa. A bayyane yake, na'urar ta dace ne kawai da matsakaicin matsin lamba, in ba haka ba ruwan zai tashi da yawa a cikin bututun piezometer don dacewa da aunawa.
Hoto na 6. Na'urorin auna matsi
Idan ruwan yana gudana, matsewar piezometer bai kamata ta wuce diamita na mm 3 ba kuma ya kamata ta kasance a cikin farfajiyar iyaka. Don ƙarin daidaito, ana iya sanya zoben piezometer. Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗakin annular da ke kewaye da bututun kuma an haɗa shi da shi ta hanyar matsewa iri-iri masu faɗi daidai gwargwado.
Manometer
Manometer Ka'idar iri ɗaya ce da wadda aka bayyana a sama, amma ana shawo kan matsalolin da ke tattare da bututu mai tsayi da yawa ta hanyar sanya bututun U wanda ke ɗauke da ruwa mai narkewa. Mercury (takamaiman nauyi 13,6) shine ruwan manometer da ake amfani da shi wajen auna matsin ruwa. Matsin ma'aunin p a cikin bututun an bayar da shi ta hanyar
Ina
h= bambancin matakin ruwan manometer a cikin gaɓoɓin biyu,
z=tsayin layin tsakiyar bututun da ke sama da meniscus a cikin sashin da ke gefen bututun, da kuma
w, wm = takamaiman nauyin bututun ruwa da manometer bi da bi.
Idan aka yi amfani da shi zuwa ga yanayin da ke canzawa na menisci, ba zai yiwu a daidaita shi kai tsaye ba. Duk da haka, ana iya cimma wannan idan gaɓar da ke gefen bututun ta yi girma sosai ta yadda matakin meniscus ya kasance daidai. Sannan za a iya karanta matsin lamba daga ma'aunin da aka haɗa da ɗayan gaɓar.
Fig.7. Manometer mai bambanci
Kimanta yawan kwararar bututu sau da yawa yana dogara ne akan ma'aunin bambancin matsin lamba tsakanin matsi na kusa. Ana amfani da ma'aunin bambanci (Hoto na 7) kuma ruwan ma'aunin yawanci shine mercury. Lokacin da bambancin matsin lamba ya yi ƙanƙanta, ruwan da ba a iya mirgina shi da sauƙi zai samar da sakamako mafi daidaito.
Bambancin matsin lamba pt-pzis da aka bayar
inda alamomin suna da ma'ana iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a cikin Lissafi na 6. Idan bututun yana kwanceal,
An ƙirƙiro ma'aunin aunawa daban-daban masu yanayi mai sarkakiya don biyan buƙatun kasuwanci da na dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Bma'aunin ourdon
Wannan kayan aiki ne na kasuwanci wanda aka sanya shi kai tsaye ga bututun da kansa ko kuma a ƙarshen layin piezometer. Ya ƙunshi bututun da aka lanƙwasa wanda aka rataye shi kyauta a cikin ɓangaren lanƙwasa kuma aka riƙe shi da ƙarfi a kan tushe. Ƙara matsin lamba na ciki yana daidaita bututun kuma, kamar yadda karkacewar ta yi daidai da matsin lamba da aka yi amfani da shi, wata hanya mai sauƙi tana ba da damar yin rikodin na ƙarshen kai tsaye. Tunda matsin lamba a wajen bututun yana da yanayi, ana yin rijistar matsin lamba na ma'auni kuma wannan yawanci yana aiki ne ga tsakiyar wurin kayan aikin.
Ma'aunin Bourdon yana da amfani a matsayin alamar matsin lamba gabaɗaya amma bai dace ba inda ake buƙatar daidaito mai yawa, kamar yadda yake a gabaɗaya lokacin da ake auna matsin lamba daban-daban.
Lambar Samfura: XBC-VTP
Tsarin XBC-VTP jerin famfunan kashe gobara na tsaye masu tsayin shaft guda ɗaya ne, famfunan watsawa masu matakai da yawa, waɗanda aka ƙera bisa ga sabon Tsarin Ƙasa na GB6245-2006. Mun kuma inganta ƙirar tare da la'akari da ƙa'idar Ƙungiyar Kare Gobara ta Amurka. Ana amfani da shi galibi don samar da ruwan wuta a fannin man fetur, iskar gas, tashar wutar lantarki, yadi na auduga, tashar jiragen ruwa, jiragen sama, rumbunan ajiya, gine-gine masu tsayi da sauran masana'antu. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi ga jiragen ruwa, tankin ruwa, jiragen kashe gobara da sauran lokutan samar da kayayyaki.
Famfon Ruwa na Teku Mai Tsabta
Lambar Samfura: ASN ASNV
Man shafawa na ASN da ASNV famfunan tsotsa ne guda biyu masu rabe-raben volute casing da kuma jigilar ruwa da aka yi amfani da su ko kuma na ruwa don ayyukan ruwa, zagayawar iska, gini, ban ruwa, tashar famfon magudanar ruwa, tashar wutar lantarki, tsarin samar da ruwan masana'antu, tsarin kashe gobara, jirgin ruwa, gini da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-25-2024